rust: xarray: Add an abstraction for XArray

The XArray is an abstract data type which behaves like a very large
array of pointers. Add a Rust abstraction for this data type.

The initial implementation uses explicit locking on get operations and
returns a guard which blocks mutation, ensuring that the referenced
object remains alive. To avoid excessive serialization, users are
expected to use an inner type that can be efficiently cloned (such as
Arc<T>), and eagerly clone and drop the guard to unblock other users
after a lookup.

Future variants may support using RCU instead to avoid mutex locking.

This abstraction also introduces a reservation mechanism, which can be
used by alloc-capable XArrays to reserve a free slot without immediately
filling it, and then do so at a later time. If the reservation is
dropped without being filled, the slot is freed again for other users,
which eliminates the need for explicit cleanup code.

Signed-off-by: Asahi Lina <lina@asahilina.net>
---

Hi everyone!

This abstraction is part of the set of dependencies for the drm/asahi
Apple M1/M2 GPU driver.

The branch at [1] contains the full series of patches rebased on
upstream leading to the complete driver, for reference on how it is
intended to be used.

Thank you everyone who helped review this on GitHub [2]! I hope I didn't
forget any CCs...

Note that I dropped the convenience `Deref` impl for `Guard`, since I
couldn't figure out how to do it safely. Suggestions welcome, or we can
leave it for a future improvement ^^

[1] https://github.com/AsahiLinux/linux/tree/gpu/rebase-20230224
[2] Rust-for-Linux#952

Changes in v3:
- Updated to the error v2/v3 series API.
- Renamed `err` to `ret` for consistency with the other instance.
- Link to v2: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230224-rust-xarray-v2-1-4eeb0134944c@asahilina.net
Changes in v2:
- Added Pin requirement for all XArray operations, to close a
  soundness hole due to the lock in the XArray (locks are not safe to
  move while locked). Creation does not require pinning in place, since
  the lock cannot be acquired at that point.
- Added safety note to Drop impl about why we don't need to do the lock
  unlock dance to ensure soundness in case of a dropped lock guard.
- Downstream drm/asahi driver was also rebased on this version to prove
  it works (previously it was still on a pre-v1 version).
- This still depends on the Error series (v1). v2 of that will need a
  trivial rename of Error::from_kernel_errno -> Error::from_errno. If
  this version of XArray ends up looking good, I'll send a trivial v4 of
  XArray with the rename, after sending the v2 of the Error series.
- Link to v1: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230224-rust-xarray-v1-1-80f0904ce5d3@asahilina.net

Author: hoshinolina

rust/bindings/bindings_helper.h

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 #include <linux/tracepoint.h>
 #include <linux/wait.h>
 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
+#include <linux/xarray.h>
 #include <trace/events/rust_sample.h>
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_DRM_PANIC_SCREEN_QR_CODE)
@@ -60,3 +61,19 @@ const gfp_t RUST_CONST_HELPER___GFP_ZERO = __GFP_ZERO;
 const gfp_t RUST_CONST_HELPER___GFP_HIGHMEM = ___GFP_HIGHMEM;
 const gfp_t RUST_CONST_HELPER___GFP_NOWARN = ___GFP_NOWARN;
 const blk_features_t RUST_CONST_HELPER_BLK_FEAT_ROTATIONAL = BLK_FEAT_ROTATIONAL;
+
+const gfp_t BINDINGS_XA_FLAGS_LOCK_IRQ = XA_FLAGS_LOCK_IRQ;
+const gfp_t BINDINGS_XA_FLAGS_LOCK_BH = XA_FLAGS_LOCK_BH;
+const gfp_t BINDINGS_XA_FLAGS_TRACK_FREE = XA_FLAGS_TRACK_FREE;
+const gfp_t BINDINGS_XA_FLAGS_ZERO_BUSY = XA_FLAGS_ZERO_BUSY;
+const gfp_t BINDINGS_XA_FLAGS_ALLOC_WRAPPED = XA_FLAGS_ALLOC_WRAPPED;
+const gfp_t BINDINGS_XA_FLAGS_ACCOUNT = XA_FLAGS_ACCOUNT;
+const gfp_t BINDINGS_XA_FLAGS_ALLOC = XA_FLAGS_ALLOC;
+const gfp_t BINDINGS_XA_FLAGS_ALLOC1 = XA_FLAGS_ALLOC1;
+
+const xa_mark_t BINDINGS_XA_MARK_0 = XA_MARK_0;
+const xa_mark_t BINDINGS_XA_MARK_1 = XA_MARK_1;
+const xa_mark_t BINDINGS_XA_MARK_2 = XA_MARK_2;
+const xa_mark_t BINDINGS_XA_PRESENT = XA_PRESENT;
+const xa_mark_t BINDINGS_XA_MARK_MAX = XA_MARK_MAX;
+const xa_mark_t BINDINGS_XA_FREE_MARK = XA_FREE_MARK;

rust/helpers/helpers.c

@@ -40,3 +40,4 @@
 #include "vmalloc.c"
 #include "wait.c"
 #include "workqueue.c"
+#include "xarray.c"

rust/helpers/xarray.c

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#include <linux/xarray.h>
+
+void rust_helper_xa_init_flags(struct xarray *xa, gfp_t flags)
+{
+	xa_init_flags(xa, flags);
+}
+
+bool rust_helper_xa_empty(struct xarray *xa)
+{
+	return xa_empty(xa);
+}
+
+int rust_helper_xa_alloc(struct xarray *xa, u32 *id, void *entry, struct xa_limit limit, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	return xa_alloc(xa, id, entry, limit, gfp);
+}
+
+void rust_helper_xa_lock(struct xarray *xa)
+{
+	xa_lock(xa);
+}
+
+void rust_helper_xa_unlock(struct xarray *xa)
+{
+	xa_unlock(xa);
+}
+
+int rust_helper_xa_err(void *entry)
+{
+	return xa_err(entry);
+}

rust/kernel/lib.rs

@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ pub mod transmute;
 pub mod types;
 pub mod uaccess;
 pub mod workqueue;
+pub mod xarray;
 
 #[doc(hidden)]
 pub use bindings;