Merge pull request #2425 from yerim01/main

[yerim01] WEEK 02 solutions

Author: yerim01

climbing-stairs/yerim01.py

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+# Goal: Given n steps, return the number of distinct ways you can climb to the top.
+# Constraints:
+# - You can climb either 1 or 2 steps at each time.
+# - 1 <= n <= 45
+# Approach:
+# f(n) = number of ways to reach step n.
+# The last move must be from step n-1 or step n-2.
+# Therefore, f(n) = f(n-1) + f(n-2).
+# Base case - f(1) = 1, f(2) = 2.
+# Use two variables prev1&prev2 to track the number of of f(n-1)&f(n-2).
+# Iterate a loop, staring from 3.
+# Store prev1 into temp.
+# Update prev1&prev2.
+# Return prev1.
+
+# Time complexity: O(n)
+# - We iterate once
+# Space complexity: O(1)
+# - Only using variables
+
+class Solution:
+    def climbStairs(self, n: int) -> int:
+        if n <= 2:
+            return n
+        
+        prev1 = 2
+        prev2 = 1
+
+        for i in range(3, n+1):
+            temp = prev1
+            prev1 = prev2 + prev1
+            prev2 = temp
+        
+        return prev1

product-of-array-except-self/yerim01.py

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+# Goal: Return an array answer that product of all elements except nums[i].
+#
+# Approach:
+# Use prefix&suffix arrays to store cumulative products
+# - prefix: product of elements to the left of i
+# - suffix: product of elements to the right of i
+# Calculate the result[i] by multipying prefix[i] and suffix[i]
+#
+# Time Complexity: O(n)
+# - We Iterate the array to compute prefix, suffix and result.
+# Space Complexity: O(n)
+# - We use extra arrays for prefix&suffix.
+class Solution:
+    def productExceptSelf(self, nums: List[int]) -> List[int]:
+        n = len(nums)
+
+        prefix = [1] * n
+        suffix = [1] * n
+        result = [1] * n
+
+        for i in range(1, n):
+            prefix[i] = prefix[i-1] * nums[i-1]
+        
+        for i in range(n-2, -1, -1):
+            suffix[i] = suffix[i+1] * nums[i+1]
+        
+        for i in range(len(nums)):
+            result[i] = prefix[i] * suffix[i]
+        
+        return result