ovl: Add documentation on nesting of overlayfs mounts

Signed-off-by: Alexander Larsson <alexl@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@gmail.com>

Author: alexlarsson

Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst

@@ -504,6 +504,29 @@ directory tree on the same or different underlying filesystem, and even
 to a different machine.  With the "inodes index" feature, trying to mount
 the copied layers will fail the verification of the lower root file handle.
 
+Nesting overlayfs mounts
+------------------------
+
+It is possible to use a lower directory that is stored on an overlayfs
+mount. For regular files this does not need any special care. However, files
+that have overlayfs attributes, such as whiteouts or "overlay.*" xattrs will be
+interpreted by the underlying overlayfs mount and stripped out. In order to
+allow the second overlayfs mount to see the attributes they must be escaped.
+
+Overlayfs specific xattrs are escaped by using a special prefix of
+"overlay.overlay.". So, a file with a "trusted.overlay.overlay.metacopy" xattr
+in the lower dir will be exposed as a regular file with a
+"trusted.overlay.metacopy" xattr in the overlayfs mount. This can be nested by
+repeating the prefix multiple time, as each instance only removes one prefix.
+
+A lower dir with a regular whiteout will always be handled by the overlayfs
+mount, so to support storing an effective whiteout file in an overlayfs mount an
+alternative form of whiteout is supported. This form is a regular, zero-size
+file with the "overlay.whiteout" xattr set, inside a directory with the
+"overlay.whiteouts" xattr set. Such whiteouts are never created by overlayfs,
+but can be used by userspace tools (like containers) that generate lower layers.
+These alternative whiteouts can be escaped using the standard xattr escape
+mechanism in order to properly nest to any depth.
 
 Non-standard behavior
 ---------------------