From 6a6db0d61d86933324b4d311beaff81021b763da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julian Litz <91479202+julianlitz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Aug 2026 22:26:33 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Update grid and level_cache to be references

Change member variables to references for efficiency.
---
 include/Smoother/smoother.h | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/Smoother/smoother.h b/include/Smoother/smoother.h
index 3c659563..9d4d7a43 100644
--- a/include/Smoother/smoother.h
+++ b/include/Smoother/smoother.h
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ class Smoother
     virtual void smoothing(Vector<double> x, ConstVector<double> rhs, Vector<double> temp) = 0;
 
 protected:
-    const PolarGrid grid_;
-    const LevelCacheType level_cache_;
+    const PolarGrid& grid_;
+    const LevelCacheType& level_cache_;
     const bool DirBC_Interior_;
 };
 } // namespace gmgpolar

From f637d8656991fae7d3114f4c4b4037c150c09311 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julian Litz <91479202+julianlitz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Aug 2026 22:27:15 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Change grid and level_cache to references in residual.h

---
 include/Residual/residual.h | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/Residual/residual.h b/include/Residual/residual.h
index c39824d2..19dcc46a 100644
--- a/include/Residual/residual.h
+++ b/include/Residual/residual.h
@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ class Residual
 protected:
     /* ------------------- */
     /* Constructor members */
-    const PolarGrid grid_;
-    const LevelCacheType level_cache_;
+    const PolarGrid& grid_;
+    const LevelCacheType& level_cache_;
     const bool DirBC_Interior_;
 };
 } // namespace gmgpolar

From 0f450bd7d76462de30e2b83bdec014553273fe42 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Julian Litz <91479202+julianlitz@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Aug 2026 22:34:41 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Remove default constructor and keep virtual destructor

---
 include/Smoother/smoother.h | 3 +--
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/Smoother/smoother.h b/include/Smoother/smoother.h
index 9d4d7a43..a2ca435d 100644
--- a/include/Smoother/smoother.h
+++ b/include/Smoother/smoother.h
@@ -33,8 +33,7 @@ class Smoother
         , DirBC_Interior_(DirBC_Interior)
     {
     }
-    KOKKOS_DEFAULTED_FUNCTION Smoother(const Smoother&) = default;
-    virtual ~Smoother()                                 = default;
+    virtual ~Smoother() = default;
 
     virtual void smoothing(Vector<double> x, ConstVector<double> rhs, Vector<double> temp) = 0;