diff --git a/.changeset/fix-mutation-scope-queue.md b/.changeset/fix-mutation-scope-queue.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8348ff07a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fix-mutation-scope-queue.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@tanstack/query-core': patch
+---
+
+Keep each mutation in its original scope when an observer's options change, so queued mutations resume when it settles. Updated scopes still apply to future mutations.
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/mutationObserver.test.tsx b/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/mutationObserver.test.tsx
index 759734a0a6..7db125dbb7 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/mutationObserver.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/__tests__/mutationObserver.test.tsx
@@ -16,6 +16,60 @@ describe('mutationObserver', () => {
     vi.useRealTimers()
   })
 
+  it.each([undefined, { id: 'changed' }])(
+    'should preserve the running mutation scope when observer scope becomes %j',
+    async (scope) => {
+      const calls: Array<string> = []
+      const mutationFn = (value: string) => {
+        calls.push(value)
+        return value === 'first'
+          ? sleep(10).then(() => value)
+          : Promise.resolve(value)
+      }
+      const observer = new MutationObserver(queryClient, {
+        scope: { id: 'original' },
+        mutationFn,
+      })
+      const queued = new MutationObserver(queryClient, {
+        scope: { id: 'original' },
+        mutationFn,
+      })
+      const first = observer.mutate('first')
+      const second = queued.mutate('second')
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0)
+      expect(calls).toEqual(['first'])
+      expect(queued.getCurrentResult().isPaused).toBe(true)
+
+      const onSuccess = vi.fn()
+      observer.setOptions({ scope, mutationFn, onSuccess })
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(10)
+
+      expect(calls).toEqual(['first', 'second'])
+      expect(queued.getCurrentResult().isPaused).toBe(false)
+      await expect(first).resolves.toBe('first')
+      await expect(second).resolves.toBe('second')
+      expect(onSuccess).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1)
+
+      await observer.mutate('future')
+      expect(
+        queryClient.getMutationCache().getAll().at(-1)?.options.scope,
+      ).toEqual(scope)
+    },
+  )
+
+  it('should keep a running unscoped mutation unscoped when options change', async () => {
+    const mutationFn = () => sleep(10).then(() => 'done')
+    const observer = new MutationObserver(queryClient, { mutationFn })
+    const result = observer.mutate()
+    observer.setOptions({ mutationFn, scope: { id: 'new-scope' } })
+
+    expect(
+      queryClient.getMutationCache().getAll()[0]?.options.scope,
+    ).toBeUndefined()
+    await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(10)
+    await expect(result).resolves.toBe('done')
+  })
+
   it('onUnsubscribe should not remove the current mutation observer if there is still a subscription', async () => {
     const mutation = new MutationObserver(queryClient, {
       mutationFn: (text: string) => sleep(20).then(() => text),
diff --git a/packages/query-core/src/mutation.ts b/packages/query-core/src/mutation.ts
index fd74ba97ef..2c9b9dc427 100644
--- a/packages/query-core/src/mutation.ts
+++ b/packages/query-core/src/mutation.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import type {
   MutationFunctionContext,
   MutationMeta,
   MutationOptions,
+  MutationScope,
   MutationStatus,
 } from './types'
 import type { MutationCache } from './mutationCache'
@@ -147,6 +148,7 @@ export class Mutation<
     MutationObserver<TData, TError, TVariables, TOnMutateResult>
   >
   #mutationCache: MutationCache
+  readonly #scope: MutationScope | undefined
   #retryer?: Retryer<TData>
 
   constructor(
@@ -157,6 +159,7 @@ export class Mutation<
     this.#client = config.client
     this.mutationId = config.mutationId
     this.#mutationCache = config.mutationCache
+    this.#scope = config.options.scope
     this.#observers = []
     this.state = config.state || getDefaultState()
 
@@ -168,7 +171,8 @@ export class Mutation<
   setOptions(
     options: MutationOptions<TData, TError, TVariables, TOnMutateResult>,
   ): void {
-    this.options = options
+    // Cache membership is determined at creation; changing scope would strand its queue.
+    this.options = { ...options, scope: this.#scope }
 
     this.updateGcTime(this.options.gcTime)
   }
diff --git a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useMutation.test.tsx b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useMutation.test.tsx
index e885b8e244..b2812baa55 100644
--- a/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useMutation.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-query/src/__tests__/useMutation.test.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
-import { fireEvent, render } from '@testing-library/react'
+import { act, fireEvent, render, renderHook } from '@testing-library/react'
 import * as React from 'react'
 import { ErrorBoundary } from 'react-error-boundary'
 import { queryKey, sleep } from '@tanstack/query-test-utils'
@@ -31,6 +31,51 @@ describe('useMutation', () => {
     vi.useRealTimers()
   })
 
+  it.each([false, true])(
+    'should resume queued mutations after a scope prop changes (StrictMode: %s)',
+    async (strict) => {
+      const calls: Array<string> = []
+      const mutationFn = (value: string) => {
+        calls.push(value)
+        return value === 'first'
+          ? sleep(10).then(() => value)
+          : Promise.resolve(value)
+      }
+      const view = renderHook(
+        ({ scope }) => ({
+          running: useMutation(
+            { scope: { id: scope }, mutationFn },
+            queryClient,
+          ),
+          queued: useMutation(
+            { scope: { id: 'original' }, mutationFn },
+            queryClient,
+          ),
+        }),
+        {
+          initialProps: { scope: 'original' },
+          wrapper: strict ? React.StrictMode : undefined,
+        },
+      )
+      let first: Promise<string> | undefined
+      let second: Promise<string> | undefined
+      await act(async () => {
+        first = view.result.current.running.mutateAsync('first')
+        second = view.result.current.queued.mutateAsync('second')
+        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(0)
+      })
+      expect(calls).toEqual(['first'])
+      view.rerender({ scope: 'changed' })
+      await act(() => vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(11))
+
+      expect(calls).toEqual(['first', 'second'])
+      expect(view.result.current.queued.isPaused).toBe(false)
+      await first
+      await second
+      view.unmount()
+    },
+  )
+
   it('should be able to reset `data`', async () => {
     function Page() {
       const {