diff --git a/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php b/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php
index f462928847c77..b1038d50539c3 100644
--- a/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php
+++ b/src/wp-includes/rest-api/endpoints/class-wp-rest-comments-controller.php
@@ -1932,7 +1932,7 @@ protected function check_read_permission( $comment, $request ) {
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		if ( empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
+		if ( empty( $comment->comment_post_ID ) && ! current_user_can( 'moderate_comment', $comment->comment_ID ) ) {
 			return false;
 		}
 
@@ -1956,7 +1956,13 @@ protected function check_edit_permission( $comment ) {
 			return false;
 		}
 
-		if ( current_user_can( 'moderate_comments' ) ) {
+		/*
+		 * Use the per-comment `moderate_comment` meta capability rather than the
+		 * global `moderate_comments` primitive. For comment types using the default
+		 * capability model this resolves to `moderate_comments` (unchanged), while a
+		 * type with its own capabilities is gated by its own moderation primitive.
+		 */
+		if ( current_user_can( 'moderate_comment', $comment->comment_ID ) ) {
 			return true;
 		}
 
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-comment-type-moderation.php b/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-comment-type-moderation.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b63ae32a73a9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/phpunit/tests/rest-api/rest-comment-type-moderation.php
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Integration tests for per-comment-type moderation in the REST comments controller.
+ *
+ * Exercises the `check_edit_permission()` gate end to end: a comment type with an
+ * independent capability model is moderated through its own primitives, while the
+ * default capability model behaves exactly as before.
+ *
+ * @group restapi
+ * @group comment
+ * @group capabilities
+ *
+ * @covers WP_REST_Comments_Controller::check_edit_permission
+ */
+class Tests_REST_Comment_Type_Moderation extends WP_UnitTestCase {
+
+	/**
+	 * Post the comments are attached to.
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	protected static $post_id;
+
+	/**
+	 * User with the global `moderate_comments` primitive only.
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	protected static $global_moderator_id;
+
+	/**
+	 * User with the `review` type's `moderate_reviews` primitive only.
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	protected static $review_moderator_id;
+
+	/**
+	 * User with the `review` type's `edit_others_reviews` primitive only.
+	 *
+	 * @var int
+	 */
+	protected static $review_editor_id;
+
+	public static function wpSetUpBeforeClass( WP_UnitTest_Factory $factory ) {
+		self::$post_id = $factory->post->create();
+
+		self::$global_moderator_id = $factory->user->create( array( 'role' => 'subscriber' ) );
+		get_userdata( self::$global_moderator_id )->add_cap( 'moderate_comments' );
+
+		self::$review_moderator_id = $factory->user->create( array( 'role' => 'subscriber' ) );
+		get_userdata( self::$review_moderator_id )->add_cap( 'moderate_reviews' );
+
+		self::$review_editor_id = $factory->user->create( array( 'role' => 'subscriber' ) );
+		get_userdata( self::$review_editor_id )->add_cap( 'edit_others_reviews' );
+	}
+
+	public function set_up() {
+		parent::set_up();
+
+		// A comment type with an independent capability model.
+		register_comment_type( 'review', array( 'capability_type' => 'review' ) );
+	}
+
+	public function tear_down() {
+		unregister_comment_type( 'review' );
+
+		parent::tear_down();
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a comment of the given type on the shared post.
+	 *
+	 * @param string $comment_type Comment type slug.
+	 * @return int The new comment ID.
+	 */
+	private function make_comment( $comment_type ) {
+		return self::factory()->comment->create(
+			array(
+				'comment_post_ID'  => self::$post_id,
+				'comment_type'     => $comment_type,
+				'comment_approved' => '1',
+			)
+		);
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Dispatches a REST request to update a comment's content.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $comment_id Comment to update.
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response
+	 */
+	private function dispatch_update( $comment_id ) {
+		$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'POST', '/wp/v2/comments/' . $comment_id );
+		$request->set_param( 'content', 'Updated content' );
+
+		return rest_get_server()->dispatch( $request );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Dispatches a REST request to force-delete a comment.
+	 *
+	 * @param int $comment_id Comment to delete.
+	 * @return WP_REST_Response
+	 */
+	private function dispatch_delete( $comment_id ) {
+		$request = new WP_REST_Request( 'DELETE', '/wp/v2/comments/' . $comment_id );
+		$request->set_param( 'force', true );
+
+		return rest_get_server()->dispatch( $request );
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Independent capability model.
+	 */
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 35214
+	 */
+	public function test_review_moderator_can_update_review_comment() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$review_moderator_id );
+
+		$response = $this->dispatch_update( $this->make_comment( 'review' ) );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 200, $response->get_status() );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 35214
+	 */
+	public function test_review_moderator_can_delete_review_comment() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$review_moderator_id );
+
+		$response = $this->dispatch_delete( $this->make_comment( 'review' ) );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 200, $response->get_status() );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The type's `edit_others_reviews` primitive also grants moderation through the
+	 * `edit_comment` fallback in `check_edit_permission()`.
+	 *
+	 * @ticket 35214
+	 */
+	public function test_review_editor_can_update_review_comment() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$review_editor_id );
+
+		$response = $this->dispatch_update( $this->make_comment( 'review' ) );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 200, $response->get_status() );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A global `moderate_comments` moderator has no power over an independent type.
+	 *
+	 * @ticket 35214
+	 */
+	public function test_global_moderator_cannot_update_review_comment() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$global_moderator_id );
+
+		$response = $this->dispatch_update( $this->make_comment( 'review' ) );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 403, $response->get_status() );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 35214
+	 */
+	public function test_global_moderator_cannot_delete_review_comment() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$global_moderator_id );
+
+		$response = $this->dispatch_delete( $this->make_comment( 'review' ) );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 403, $response->get_status() );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * A review moderator has no power over a default-model comment.
+	 *
+	 * @ticket 35214
+	 */
+	public function test_review_moderator_cannot_update_default_comment() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$review_moderator_id );
+
+		$response = $this->dispatch_update( $this->make_comment( 'comment' ) );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 403, $response->get_status() );
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Default capability model: unchanged from historical behavior.
+	 */
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 35214
+	 */
+	public function test_global_moderator_can_update_default_comment() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$global_moderator_id );
+
+		$response = $this->dispatch_update( $this->make_comment( 'comment' ) );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 200, $response->get_status() );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 35214
+	 */
+	public function test_global_moderator_can_delete_default_comment() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$global_moderator_id );
+
+		$response = $this->dispatch_delete( $this->make_comment( 'comment' ) );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 200, $response->get_status() );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * The built-in pingback type uses the default model and is unaffected.
+	 *
+	 * @ticket 35214
+	 */
+	public function test_global_moderator_can_update_builtin_ping_comment() {
+		wp_set_current_user( self::$global_moderator_id );
+
+		$response = $this->dispatch_update( $this->make_comment( 'pingback' ) );
+
+		$this->assertSame( 200, $response->get_status() );
+	}
+}