Fix ODBC Linux test segmentation fault

* Resolve segfault issue on Linux and pass `ARROW_TEST_LINKAGE=static`

Pass `ARROW_TEST_LINKAGE=static`

* Clean up

Author: alinaliBQ

compose.yaml

@@ -516,6 +516,8 @@ services:
       ARROW_PARQUET: "OFF"
       ARROW_S3: "OFF"
       ARROW_SUBSTRAIT: "OFF"
+      # GH-49651 Link ODBC tests statically on Linux to fix segfault
+      ARROW_TEST_LINKAGE: "static"
     # Register ODBC before running tests
     command: >
       /bin/bash -c "

cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_SRCS
     # GH-46889: move protobuf_test_util to a more common location
     ../../../../engine/substrait/protobuf_test_util.cc)
 
+# GH-49652: TODO support static test linkage on macOS
 if(ARROW_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
   set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_sql_odbc_static
                                            ${ARROW_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS})
@@ -65,6 +66,13 @@ else()
   # Unix
   list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS
        ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LIBS} ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LINK_LIBS})
+
+  if(NOT APPLE)
+    # Links static dependencies on Linux to support ARROW_TEST_LINKAGE=static
+    list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS arrow_odbc_spi_impl
+         ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
+  endif()
+
 endif()
 
 add_arrow_test(flight_sql_odbc_test