diff --git a/paimon-common/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/predicate/LeafPredicate.java b/paimon-common/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/predicate/LeafPredicate.java
index 85a04855391e..913c76f7414b 100644
--- a/paimon-common/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/predicate/LeafPredicate.java
+++ b/paimon-common/src/main/java/org/apache/paimon/predicate/LeafPredicate.java
@@ -157,8 +157,12 @@ public boolean test(
 
         Object min = get(minValues, index, type);
         Object max = get(maxValues, index, type);
-        Long nullCount = nullCounts.isNullAt(index) ? null : nullCounts.getLong(index);
+        Long nullCount =
+                nullCounts.size() == 0 || nullCounts.isNullAt(index)
+                        ? null
+                        : nullCounts.getLong(index);
         if (nullCount == null || rowCount != nullCount) {
+            // missing null counts
             // not all null
             // min or max is null
             // unknown stats
diff --git a/paimon-common/src/test/java/org/apache/paimon/predicate/LeafPredicateTest.java b/paimon-common/src/test/java/org/apache/paimon/predicate/LeafPredicateTest.java
index a179753b0faf..594e33ba79ed 100644
--- a/paimon-common/src/test/java/org/apache/paimon/predicate/LeafPredicateTest.java
+++ b/paimon-common/src/test/java/org/apache/paimon/predicate/LeafPredicateTest.java
@@ -18,9 +18,12 @@
 
 package org.apache.paimon.predicate;
 
+import org.apache.paimon.data.BinaryArray;
+import org.apache.paimon.data.BinaryRow;
 import org.apache.paimon.data.BinaryString;
 import org.apache.paimon.data.GenericArray;
 import org.apache.paimon.data.GenericRow;
+import org.apache.paimon.data.serializer.InternalRowSerializer;
 import org.apache.paimon.types.DataTypes;
 import org.apache.paimon.types.RowType;
 import org.apache.paimon.utils.InstantiationUtil;
@@ -123,6 +126,31 @@ public void testArraySetPredicateSerializationUsesElementSerializer()
         assertThat(InstantiationUtil.clone(containsAll).test(row)).isTrue();
     }
 
+    @Test
+    public void testEmptyNullCountsWithCompleteBounds() {
+        RowType type = RowType.of(DataTypes.STRING(), DataTypes.STRING());
+        PredicateBuilder builder = new PredicateBuilder(type);
+        InternalRowSerializer serializer = new InternalRowSerializer(type);
+        BinaryRow bounds =
+                serializer
+                        .toBinaryRow(
+                                GenericRow.of(
+                                        BinaryString.fromString("sample"),
+                                        BinaryString.fromString("1")))
+                        .copy();
+        BinaryArray nullCounts = BinaryArray.fromLongArray(new Long[0]);
+        Predicate first = builder.equal(0, BinaryString.fromString("other"));
+        Predicate second = builder.equal(1, BinaryString.fromString("1"));
+
+        assertThat(first.test(1, bounds, bounds, nullCounts)).isFalse();
+        assertThat(second.test(1, bounds, bounds, nullCounts)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(builder.isNull(0).test(1, bounds, bounds, nullCounts)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(builder.isNotNull(1).test(1, bounds, bounds, nullCounts)).isTrue();
+        assertThat(PredicateBuilder.and(first, second).test(1, bounds, bounds, nullCounts))
+                .isFalse();
+        assertThat(PredicateBuilder.or(first, second).test(1, bounds, bounds, nullCounts)).isTrue();
+    }
+
     private LeafPredicate create() {
         List<Object> inputs = new ArrayList<>();
         inputs.add(new FieldRef(0, "f0", DataTypes.STRING()));