Merge branch 'master' of github.com:devRant-Community/Community-Programming-Book

lucaspar · lucaspar · commit 2581a3f3fd74 · 2018-10-08T10:30:20.000-03:00
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-keyfile
+keyfile
+node_modules
+_book/
diff --git a/book/SUMMARY.md b/book/SUMMARY.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
   * [History](languages/assembly/history.md)
 
-  * [What it solves?](languages/assembly/what_it_solves.md)
+  * [What it solves](languages/assembly/what_it_solves.md)
 
   * [Advantages](languages/assembly/advantages.md)
 
@@ -21,15 +21,24 @@
   * [Conclusion](languages/assembly/conclusion.md)
 
 * [C++](languages/cpp/README.md)
+
   * [Introduction](languages/cpp/intro.md)
 
+  * [History](languages/cpp/history.md)
+
+  * [Advantages](languages/cpp/advantages.md)
+
+  * [Disadvantages](languages/cpp/disadvantages.md)
+
+  * [Conclusion](languages/cpp/conclusion.md)
+
 * [ABC](languages/abc/README.md)
 
   * [Introduction](languages/abc/intro.md)
 
   * [History](languages/abc/history.md)
 
-  * [What it solves?](languages/abc/what_it_solves.md)
+  * [What it solves](languages/abc/what_it_solves.md)
 
   * [Advantages](languages/abc/advantages.md)
 
@@ -45,7 +54,7 @@
 
   * [History](languages/python/history.md)
 
-  * [What it solves?](languages/python/what_it_solves.md)
+  * [What it solves](languages/python/what_it_solves.md)
 
   * [Advantages](languages/python/advantages.md)
 
diff --git a/book/credits.md b/book/credits.md
@@ -41,3 +41,8 @@ We have to thank these great people on helping to write this book. Everyone here
 
   - [devRant](https://devrant.com/users/Skayo)
   - [GitHub](https://github.com/Skayo)
+
+- Lucas Parzianello
+
+  - [devRant](https://devrant.com/users/lucaspar)
+  - [GitHub](https://github.com/lucaspar)
diff --git a/book/languages/abc/conclusion.md b/book/languages/abc/conclusion.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# A final word
+# Conclusion
 
 ABC is an excellent attempt at making programming understandable and user-friendly. It has
 introduced some terrific features which have inspired several other languages the most notable
diff --git a/book/languages/assembly/advantages.md b/book/languages/assembly/advantages.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Where would you use assembly ?
+# Advantages
 
 Currently assembly is used very rarely, because nowadays we use higher-level languages which are "translated" through an assembler to assembly and then assembly makes machine code out of it.
 Since machine code and assembly are tied together, assembly can be used in applications where speed and performance is of importance, to optimize directly the machine code.
diff --git a/book/languages/assembly/conclusion.md b/book/languages/assembly/conclusion.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# A final word
+# Conclusion
 
 Assembly language is a big leap from machine code towards higher level languages, but like any other programming language assembly also has its own set of advantages and disadvantages.
 
diff --git a/book/languages/assembly/disadvantages.md b/book/languages/assembly/disadvantages.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Shortcomings
+# Disadvantages
 
 Consider the same example as in the previous section to add two numbers, lets say 1 and 2, but this time it is written in C.
 
diff --git a/book/languages/assembly/history.md b/book/languages/assembly/history.md
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-# Creation
+# History
+
+## Creation
 
 The first Assembly Language was developed by Kathleen Booth in 1947 for the ARC2 at  Birkbeck, University of London following work with John von Neumann and Herman Goldstine at the Institute for Advanced Study.
 After this several other variations of Assembly Language have been developed and higher abstractions of the language have been created.
diff --git a/book/languages/assembly/what_it_solves.md b/book/languages/assembly/what_it_solves.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Why Assembly?
+# What it solves
 
 Consider this instruction, where we have to add the two numbers 1 and 2.
 
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ add x7 x5 x6
 ```
 
 The purpose of an assembly language can easily be seen with the help of the above example. Assembly language with the help of its syntax makes it easier to code and not worry about trivial tasks such as opcodes, address calculations, etc. Mistakes if any can easily identified in assembly
-rather than in binary. Imagine finding such mistakes in a pool of 0's and 1's!
+rather than in binary. Imagine finding such mistakes in a pool of 0's and 1's!
diff --git a/book/languages/cpp/advantages.md b/book/languages/cpp/advantages.md
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Advantages
+
+C++ is a high performance language, and when used correctly, can give performance seconded only by the likes of C and Assembly. Therefore, any application which requires high performance, like
+even finance and stock based applications, highly benefit by utilizing C++ language to build the codebase with.
+
+Being one of the most popular languages, it has a very large community backing which is quite helpful, especially, when one encounters some trouble or issue. Since there is great community support,
+it also has a slew of various libraries which can be used to enhance the application or make it easier to develop. Be it graphics, audio, network, input, and even AI and Machine Learning, C++
+contains libraries for all of them. One should also understand that C++ supports code which is written in C. Hence, any library or piece of code which is written in C, works with C++ directly
+without any modification.
+(Note: C++ supports C, but the internal architecture of both languages are quite different so do **not** consider C to be a part of C++ and the code design choices between C and C++ can also
+differ significantly)
+
+The language is highly sought after for game development as well. Video games require heavy performance to accomplish the exuberant amount of calculations and processing. C++ fits this scenario
+perfectly. Hence, most games use C++ as the language of choice for development. There are many engines available for game development as well, most significantly, the *Unreal Engine*.
+
+One may have heard of Google's *Tensor Flow* - the highly acclaimed and lauded Artificial Intelligence library. Although it is used from Python, the library itself is built primarily using C++.
+That alone states how powerful this language can be in many areas.
+
+But, there are cases when using C++ is simply not worth it. Let's take a look into that.
diff --git a/book/languages/cpp/conclusion.md b/book/languages/cpp/conclusion.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Conclusion
+
+C++ is a great language, used in most enterprise level of industries and open source communities alike, to build high performance and low resource applications. The language is very flexible and
+allows one to perform virtually any task one may want to. From building a web browser (Chromium), to building massive libraries (TensorFlow), C++ does a very good job as a tool to build them.
+
+It is a very in-depth language and provides constructs and mechanisms for many concepts. One cannot learn the language by reading a book and it is a must to actually write programs and understand
+errors as they arrive to be able to understand the language and become proficient in it. And, *always* have the mindset of learning new things about the language. There is always a very high chance
+that C++ can surprise one with some nooks and crannies or features that it contains, so, it will take a long long time for someone to imbibe C++ into oneself. However, the journey is definitely
+rewarding, and fun.
+
+Finally, in no way, is C++, a *best* language to use for everything. No language is, but one should understand when to use which language so that development is easier and work gets done
+efficiently.
+Therefore, it is wise to work with other languages as well to improve understanding of programming in general and to be able to use the right tool at the right time.
diff --git a/book/languages/cpp/disadvantages.md b/book/languages/cpp/disadvantages.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Disadvantages
+
+Since C++ is a rather low level language (by today's standards), it requires a large amount of code to be written for performing tasks. Simply put, the codebase of C++ can get quite large, if not
+extremely massive, if the application in question is large. This, in turn means that, to build an application which, perhaps, can be written in tens of lines of code in high level languages like
+Python and Ruby, can take hundreds of lines of code in C++.
+
+Therefore, a language like C++ is simply not usable for creating scripts which perform tasks that don't require heavy performance. Here, the compiled nature of C++ is also not useful because it is
+quite cumbersome to keep compiling a small piece of code whenever a change is made.
+
+For example, if we create a script to copy and/or move files around on our computer based on specific constraints, it can be rather easy to perform on a language like Python and Ruby, or even
+*Bash*. But to build the same script on C++ would be counter-productive to say the least.
+
+This holds especially true because scripts usually tend to be cross platform and we expect them to simply run on whichever system we need. But for C++, we will have to compile the code first which
+would require us to have the compiler toolchain on the system itself.
+
+Hence, using C++ in such cases is not useful.
diff --git a/book/languages/cpp/history.md b/book/languages/cpp/history.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# History
+
+C++ originated in 1979, by *Bjarne Stroutrup*, he
+started working on "C with classes", the predecessor of C++. The goal and motivation was to create a fast and powerful language, building its roots upon the performance, efficiency, and portability
+of the widely used programming language - **C**. His original idea was to extend the C compiler with additional features such as *classes*, *strong typing*, *inlining*, and *default arguments*.
+
+In 1983, the language was renamed to *C++*, with the ++ being the increment operator in C. This is when some more features were added to the language like *virtual functions*, *function name &
+operator overloading*, *references*, *memory allocation using new/free*, and *two forward slash comments - //* to name a few. This was also time when the first standalone compiler for C++ was
+created named *CFront*.
+
+The book **The C++ Programming Language** was released in 1985 which became the language reference since there was no official standard at that time.
+
+Since then, the language has been continuously evolving, most notably in C++11 standard, and has captured interests of many programmers throughout the world. Many educational institutes provide
+fundamental courses on C and C++ with C++ as the epicenter for the concepts of *Object Oriented Programming*.
+
+Currently, the latest standard of C++ which has been released is C++17, however most compilers have not implemented the standard as of *May 24, 2018*. C++14 has been implemented in the various
+popular compilers like - *GNU Compiler Collection (gcc)*, and *clang*.
diff --git a/book/languages/cpp/intro.md b/book/languages/cpp/intro.md
@@ -1,26 +1,6 @@
 # Introduction
 
-## Inception
-
-C++ is an immensely popular and a massive programming language which is built on the foundation of modern, object oriented, programming concepts. Originated in 1979, by *Bjarne Stroutrup*, he
-started working on "C with classes", the predecessor of C++. The goal and motivation was to create a fast and powerful language, building its roots upon the performance, efficiency, and portability
-of the widely used programming language - **C**. His original idea was to extend the C compiler with additional features such as *classes*, *strong typing*, *inlining*, and *default arguments*.
-
-In 1983, the language was renamed to *C++*, with the ++ being the increment operator in C. This is when some more features were added to the language like *virtual functions*, *function name &
-operator overloading*, *references*, *memory allocation using new/free*, and *two forward slash comments - //* to name a few. This was also time when the first standalone compiler for C++ was
-created named *CFront*.
-
-The book **The C++ Programming Language** was released in 1985 which became the language reference since there was no official standard at that time.
-
-Since then, the language has been continuously evolving, most notably in C++11 standard, and has captured interests of many programmers throughout the world. Many educational institutes provide
-fundamental courses on C and C++ with C++ as the epicenter for the concepts of *Object Oriented Programming*.
-
-Currently, the latest standard of C++ which has been released is C++17, however most compilers have not implemented the standard as of *May 24, 2018*. C++14 has been implemented in the various
-popular compilers like - *GNU Compiler Collection (gcc)*, and *clang*.
-
-## What is C++?
-
-A very comprehensive, vast, and powerful language is perhaps the most concise definition (and over simplification) of C++. Although considered a high level language, with the advent of languages
+C++ is a very comprehensive, vast, and powerful language is perhaps the most concise definition (and over simplification) of C++. Although considered a high level language, with the advent of languages
 like *Python*, and *Ruby*, it is now considered low level along the lines of C, and rightfully so. The language contains many constructs (most prominently - pointers) which it borrows from C, a low
 level programming language, and is highly used in areas like *Compiler Design*, *Video Game Development*, and *IoT*.
 It is a fully compiled language, meaning, it compiles the code to native binary which can be directly executed on the system. However, since it is compiled to native code, the binary compiled on
@@ -32,54 +12,3 @@ This is, again, due to the fact that the language compiles code to native binary
 
 Now, with all the power and amazing features of C++, one must still understand where the language is most suitable and where not, because, in the wrong situation, C++ can wreak havoc on one's system
 or simply be too cumbersome to use. Let's take a glimpse into this.
-
-## Why C++?
-
-C++ is a high performance language, and when used correctly, can give performance seconded only by the likes of C and Assembly. Therefore, any application which requires high performance, like
-even finance and stock based applications, highly benefit by utilizing C++ language to build the codebase with.
-
-Being one of the most popular languages, it has a very large community backing which is quite helpful, especially, when one encounters some trouble or issue. Since there is great community support,
-it also has a slew of various libraries which can be used to enhance the application or make it easier to develop. Be it graphics, audio, network, input, and even AI and Machine Learning, C++
-contains libraries for all of them. One should also understand that C++ supports code which is written in C. Hence, any library or piece of code which is written in C, works with C++ directly
-without any modification.
-(Note: C++ supports C, but the internal architecture of both languages are quite different so do **not** consider C to be a part of C++ and the code design choices between C and C++ can also
-differ significantly)
-
-The language is highly sought after for game development as well. Video games require heavy performance to accomplish the exuberant amount of calculations and processing. C++ fits this scenario
-perfectly. Hence, most games use C++ as the language of choice for development. There are many engines available for game development as well, most significantly, the *Unreal Engine*.
-
-One may have heard of Google's *Tensor Flow* - the highly acclaimed and lauded Artificial Intelligence library. Although it is used from Python, the library itself is built primarily using C++.
-That alone states how powerful this language can be in many areas.
-
-But, there are cases when using C++ is simply not worth it. Let's take a look into that.
-
-## Why Not C++?
-
-Since C++ is a rather low level language (by today's standards), it requires a large amount of code to be written for performing tasks. Simply put, the codebase of C++ can get quite large, if not
-extremely massive, if the application in question is large. This, in turn means that, to build an application which, perhaps, can be written in tens of lines of code in high level languages like
-Python and Ruby, can take hundreds of lines of code in C++.
-
-Therefore, a language like C++ is simply not usable for creating scripts which perform tasks that don't require heavy performance. Here, the compiled nature of C++ is also not useful because it is
-quite cumbersome to keep compiling a small piece of code whenever a change is made.
-
-For example, if we create a script to copy and/or move files around on our computer based on specific constraints, it can be rather easy to perform on a language like Python and Ruby, or even
-*Bash*. But to build the same script on C++ would be counter-productive to say the least.
-
-This holds especially true because scripts usually tend to be cross platform and we expect them to simply run on whichever system we need. But for C++, we will have to compile the code first which
-would require us to have the compiler toolchain on the system itself.
-
-Hence, using C++ in such cases is not useful.
-
-## Conclusion
-
-C++ is a great language, used in most enterprise level of industries and open source communities alike, to build high performance and low resource applications. The language is very flexible and
-allows one to perform virtually any task one may want to. From building a web browser (Chromium), to building massive libraries (TensorFlow), C++ does a very good job as a tool to build them.
-
-It is a very in-depth language and provides constructs and mechanisms for many concepts. One cannot learn the language by reading a book and it is a must to actually write programs and understand
-errors as they arrive to be able to understand the language and become proficient in it. And, *always* have the mindset of learning new things about the language. There is always a very high chance
-that C++ can surprise one with some nooks and crannies or features that it contains, so, it will take a long long time for someone to imbibe C++ into oneself. However, the journey is definitely
-rewarding, and fun.
-
-Finally, in no way, is C++, a *best* language to use for everything. No language is, but one should understand when to use which language so that development is easier and work gets done
-efficiently.
-Therefore, it is wise to work with other languages as well to improve understanding of programming in general and to be able to use the right tool at the right time.
diff --git a/book/languages/erlang/advantages.md b/book/languages/erlang/advantages.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Advantages of Erlang
+# Advantages
 
 Some of the Erlang advantages are:
 
diff --git a/book/languages/erlang/disadvantages.md b/book/languages/erlang/disadvantages.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Disadvantages of Erlang
+# Disadvantages
 
 * Programmers find it difficult to use erlang due to its relatively
   difficult syntax.
diff --git a/book/languages/erlang/misc.md b/book/languages/erlang/misc.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Some interesting facts about Erlang
+# Some interesting facts
 
 * WhatsApp messaging system is build on Erlang, it supports over 800 million users and 30 billion messages per day
 
diff --git a/book/languages/golang/advantages.md b/book/languages/golang/advantages.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Advantages of Golang
+# Advantages
 
 ## Here are some advantages of using it
 
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@
 * Also, Golang supports functional programming features like **anonymous functions**, **closueres** and **first-class functions**.
 
 * Common utilities like **HTTP fetching**, **JSON  parsing** and **encryption** are included by default in Go in the form of standard libraries.
-  
-* Go has great built-in command-line tools (ex. **auto-formatting your code**, **test coverage reporting**, **refactoring tools**).
+
+* Go has great built-in command-line tools (ex. **auto-formatting your code**, **test coverage reporting**, **refactoring tools**).
diff --git a/book/languages/golang/disadvantages.md b/book/languages/golang/disadvantages.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Disadvantages of Golang
+# Disadvantages
 
 ## Some `bad` stuff about Golang
 
@@ -8,4 +8,4 @@
 
 * *No support* for overloading a function.
 
-* Some may like, some may hate, Golang is an **imperative** type of language.
+* Some may like, some may hate, Golang is an **imperative** type of language.
diff --git a/book/languages/golang/misc.md b/book/languages/golang/misc.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Some interesting things about Golang
+# Some interesting things
 
 * **Twitch.tv**, an IRC based chat was migrated from Python to Golang
 
@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ print "Hello world!"
 puts "Hello world!"
 ```
 
-Just a simple example of `Hello World` type of code.
+Just a simple example of `Hello World` type of code.
diff --git a/book/languages/js/advantages.md b/book/languages/js/advantages.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Purpose & Advantages
+# Advantages
 
 JavaScript was initially created to fulfill the following requirements :
 
diff --git a/book/languages/python/advantages.md b/book/languages/python/advantages.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Where would you use python?
+# Advantages
 
 Python doesn't have a target audience. It can be used for multiple purposes and there are several
 libraries and frameworks built to  simplify specific applications. Some fields where python can be best
diff --git a/book/languages/python/conclusion.md b/book/languages/python/conclusion.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# A final word
+# Conclusion
 
 It is now understandable how python became an immensely popular language and still remains relevant
 even today 20+ years after creation. Very few such languages enjoy this status.
diff --git a/book/welcome.md b/book/welcome.md
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 # Community-Programming-Book
 
-Hi, welcome to this Gitbook to start reading click below on 'Next to Introduction'.
+Hi, welcome to this Gitbook to start reading click below on 'Next to Introduction'.
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json

-Original file line number
+Diff line change
@@ @@ -1 +1,3 @@ @@
 -keyfile
 +keyfile
 +node_modules
 +_book/
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@`
`1`		`-# A final word`
	`1`	`+# Conclusion`
`2`	`2`
`3`	`3`	`ABC is an excellent attempt at making programming understandable and user-friendly. It has`
`4`	`4`	`introduced some terrific features which have inspired several other languages the most notable`
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@`
`1`		`-# Where would you use assembly ?`
	`1`	`+# Advantages`
`2`	`2`
`3`	`3`	`Currently assembly is used very rarely, because nowadays we use higher-level languages which are "translated" through an assembler to assembly and then assembly makes machine code out of it.`
`4`	`4`	`Since machine code and assembly are tied together, assembly can be used in applications where speed and performance is of importance, to optimize directly the machine code.`
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@`
`1`		`-# Shortcomings`
	`1`	`+# Disadvantages`
`2`	`2`
`3`	`3`	`Consider the same example as in the previous section to add two numbers, lets say 1 and 2, but this time it is written in C.`
`4`	`4`