Structure change (#69)

jonasgeiler · web-flow · commit 97fd8fbb8cd6 · 2019-10-14T20:05:36.000+02:00
* structure change
diff --git a/book/SUMMARY.md b/book/SUMMARY.md
@@ -215,6 +215,20 @@
 
     * [Conclusion](languages/jvm/java/conclusion.md)
 
+  * [Clojure](languages/jvm/clojure/README.md)
+
+    * [Introduction](languages/jvm/clojure/intro.md)
+
+    * [History](languages/jvm/clojure/history.md)
+
+    * [Advantages](languages/jvm/clojure/advantages.md)
+
+    * [Disadvantages](languages/jvm/clojure/disadvantages.md)
+
+    * [Some interesting facts](languages/jvm/clojure/misc.md)
+
+    * [Conclusion](languages/jvm/clojure/conclusion.md)
+
 ## End
 
 * [Credits](credits.md)
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/README.md b/book/languages/jvm/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Hi
+
+> This chapter was made by Skayo.
+
+Welcome to the JVM part!
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/clojure/README.md b/book/languages/jvm/clojure/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Hi
+
+> This chapter was made by Skayo.
+
+Welcome to the Clojure part!
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/clojure/advantages.md b/book/languages/jvm/clojure/advantages.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Advantages of Clojure
+
+## What makes Clojure cool
+
+* all the benefits of functional programming
+
+* alllws dynamic, compact code with macros, multimethods and late binding
+
+* Java interoperability
+
+* portability and fast garbage collection
+
+* functional data structures, software transactional memory, all the concurrency goodies
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/clojure/conclusion.md b/book/languages/jvm/clojure/conclusion.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Conclusion
+
+Well, it's nice to know Clojure.
+Around 200 companies use Clojure, including Adobe, Amazon, Apple, Cisco and many more.
+And the incomes are not that bad.
+
+## Sources
+
+* [**Wikipedia**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clojure)
+
+* [**Official Clojure Page**](https://clojure.org/)
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/clojure/disadvantages.md b/book/languages/jvm/clojure/disadvantages.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Disadvantages of Clojure
+
+## What makes Clojure uncool
+
+* Not a memory efficient language
+
+* Lacks a reliable static typing layer
+
+* It can't be used for highly perfomant low level code
+
+* It warms up slowly
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/clojure/history.md b/book/languages/jvm/clojure/history.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# History
+
+## The begginings
+
+**Rick Hickey** is the creator of Clojure. Before Clojure he developed a similar language, **dotLisp**, but it was based on the .NET platform and three earlier attempts to provide interoperability between JVM and Lisp (**jfli, FOIL and Lisplets**).
+
+He spent *around* 2.5 years working on the language before realeasing it to the public and much of that time without outside funding. At the end of that time, Hickey sent an email to some of his friends in Lisp community announcing the Clojure language.
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/clojure/intro.md b/book/languages/jvm/clojure/intro.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Inception
+
+**Clojure** is dynamic, modern and functional dialect of Lisp on the Java platform.
+Clojure has a Lisp macro system. Just like the other Lisps, code is treated as data.
+
+Clojure supports immutable data structures and immutability. It does encourage programmers to be explicit about managing identity and its states.
+It's intended to facilitate developing more robust, especially concurrent programs that are fast and simple.
+
+Commercial support for Clojure is provided by Cognitect.
+
+Clojure was developed because the creator wanted kinda modern Lisp for functional programming, designed for concurrency and symbiotic with the Java platform.
+
+> File extensions for Clojure code are .clj .cljs .cljc and .edn
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/clojure/misc.md b/book/languages/jvm/clojure/misc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# Interesting facts about Clojure
+
+## Clojure code compared to other languages
+
+> Example of Hello World app in some languages
+
+### Clojure
+
+```clojure
+(ns clojure.examples.hello
+  (:gen-class))
+(defn hello-world []
+  (println "Hello World"))
+(hello-world)
+```
+
+### Java
+
+```java
+class HelloWorld {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### Ruby
+
+```Ruby
+puts "Hello world!"
+```
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/intro.md b/book/languages/jvm/intro.md
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Inception
+
+**JVM**, Java Virtual Machine, is, as the name suggests, a virtual machine that enables your computer to run Java code and code in other languages that does compile to Java bytecode.
+
+## Execution of JVM
+
+Java Code (.java) → JAVAC Compiler → Byte Code (.class) → JVM ⇌ Windows/Linux/Mac
+
+## Features
+
+* JVM is cross-platform
+
+* JVM is designed to provide security to host computer in terms of their data
+
+## JVM Languages
+
+The most popular JVM languages are:
+
+* [Java](./java/intro.md)
+
+* [Clojure](./clojure/intro.md)
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/java/README.md b/book/languages/jvm/java/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Hi
+
+> This chapter was made by Skayo.
+
+Welcome to the Java part!
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/java/advantages.md b/book/languages/jvm/java/advantages.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Advantages of Java
+
+## Things that make Java cool are
+
+* It's platform independent
+
+* Lack of features gives more security
+
+* Many nice-to-have features, for example automatic garbage collection, exception handling and type checking
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/java/conclusion.md b/book/languages/jvm/java/conclusion.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Conclusion
+
+Java is a useful language.
+Nice to know it, because many companies still use it and will use it for the long time.
+Maybe it's slower and requires more memory than other languages, but it's the secure and platform independent language.
+
+## Sources
+
+* [**Wikipedia**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29)
+
+* [**Official Java Page**](https://www.java.com/en/)
+
+* [**Mindsmapped**](https://www.mindsmapped.com/java-advantages-and-disadvantages/)
+
+## Regarding authors
+
+This chapter was made by [Skayo](https://github.com/Skayo).
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/java/disadvantages.md b/book/languages/jvm/java/disadvantages.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Bad stuff about Java
+
+## What makes Java bad
+
+* It does require more memory compared to languages like C or C++
+
+* It's pretty slow language
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/java/history.md b/book/languages/jvm/java/history.md
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# History
+
+## The begginings
+
+**James Gosling, Mike Sheridan and Patrick Naughton** created Java in June of 1991.
+They've designed Java for interactive television, but it was too advanced for cable television industry back in the day.
+It wasn't even named Java. Initially they've called it **Oak**, after the tree that stood outside Gosling's office.
+Then it was renamed to **Green** and then finally renamed to **Java** from Java coffee.
+
+It's syntax was designed by Gosling with C/C++ style to give system and application programmers more familiar feeling.
+
+First public implementation was released by Sun Microsystems in 1996 as Java 1.0.
+It promised *Write Once, Run Anywhere*.
+Soon, major web browserws implemented the ability of running Java applets with the web pages and that's how Java became popular so fast.
+
+Back in the day, Java applets were a huge deal. They were small applications that compiled to Java bytecode. It was launched from a webpage and then it was executed with JVM in a process separated from the browser.
+
+Java 2, released initially as J2SE 1.2 in Deecember 1998-1999, Java language had multiple configurations built for different types of enviroments.
+It included APIs and technologies for enterprise apps typically run in server enviroments, while it featured APIs optimized for mobile apps.
+In 2006, because of marketing purposes, Sun Microsystems renamed new J2 versions as Java EE (Enterprise Edition), Java ME (Micro Edition) and Java SE (Standard Edition).
+
+## Making Java open-source
+
+Process started in the fall of 2006. Most of the JVM was released as free and open-source under the GNU General Public License. On May 8, 2007, process was finished,
+Sun made all of its JVM core code under free software and open-source software distribution terms, except for small pieces of code to which Sun didn't hold the copyright.
+
+## After acquisition
+
+After acquisition of Sun Microsystems by Oracle Corp. in 2009-2010, Oracle described itself as steward of Java technology with a relentless commitment to fostering a community of transparency and participation.
+This didn't prevent Oracle from filing a lawsuit against Google shortly after that for using Java inside Android SDK. On April 2, 2010, Gosling resigned from Oracle.
+
+Now, Java software runs on everything from laptops to game consoles, data centers to supercomputers.
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/java/intro.md b/book/languages/jvm/java/intro.md
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Inception
+
+**Java**, class-based, object-oriented, general-purpose language designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
+
+It was originally created by **James Gosling** at **Sun Microsystems** and released in 1995 as a core for their Java platform.
+Java compilers, virtual machines and class libraries were originally published under Sun's proprietary licenses and in May of 2007 most of them were relicesed under the GNU General Public License.
+
+Back in the day, Sun defined four editions of Java, targeting different enviroments. That platforms are:
+
+* Java Platform, **Standard Edition** - normal workstation enviroment
+
+* Java Platform, **Enterprise Edition** - large internet enviroments
+
+* Java Platform, **Micro Edition** - enviroments with limited resources
+
+* **JavaCard** - smart cards
+
+## Features
+
+* *Write once, run anywhere*
+
+* Portable and platform independent
+
+* Security
+
+* Architecture Neutral
+
+* Multithreaded
+
+* Dynamic
+
+* Robust
+
+* Object oriented
+
+>File extension for Java code is .java, .class and .jar
diff --git a/book/languages/jvm/java/misc.md b/book/languages/jvm/java/misc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Interesting facts about Java
+
+* Most of the Android apps are written in Java
+
+* Many banks and financial services also use Java
+
+* More than 95% of Enterprise Desktops run Java
+
+* 3 billion phones run Java
+
+* We can easily tell that every company on this world somehow is using at least a tiny piece of Java.
+
+## Java code compared to other languages
+
+> Example of Hello World app in some languages
+
+### Java
+
+```java
+class HelloWorld {
+    public static void main(String[] args) {
+        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
+    }
+}
+```
+
+### C++
+
+```cpp
+#include <iostream>
+int main()
+{
+    std::cout << "Hello, World!";
+    return 0;
+}
+```
+
+### C
+
+```c
+#include <stdio.h>
+int main()
+{
+   // printf() displays the string inside quotation
+   printf("Hello, World!");
+   return 0;
+}
+```

-Original file line number
+Diff line change
@@ @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ @@
 +# Hi
++
 +> This chapter was made by Skayo.
++
 +Welcome to the JVM part!