Add Lua chapter (#65)

jonasgeiler · web-flow · commit b45c0fe041f0 · 2019-07-12T20:43:46.000+02:00
* add Haskell part

* keep up-to-date with master repo

* quick fix

* quick fix in /book/languages/haskell/history.md 20:102

* grammar, spelling and punctuation have been improved - ready for publication

* add Lua chapter

* Update README.md

* Update advantages.md

* Update disadvantages.md

* Update intro.md

* Update misc.md

* Update intro.md

* Update intro.md

* Update disadvantages.md

* Update intro.md
diff --git a/book/SUMMARY.md b/book/SUMMARY.md
@@ -183,6 +183,18 @@
 
   * [Conclusion](languages/c/conclusion.md)
 
+* [Lua](languages/lua/README.md)
+
+  * [Introduction](languages/lua/intro.md)
+
+  * [History](languages/lua/history.md)
+
+  * [Advantages](languages/lua/advantages.md)
+
+  * [Disadvantages](languages/lua/disadvantages.md)
+
+  * [Conclusion](languages/lua/conclusion.md)
+
 ## End
 
 * [Credits](credits.md)
diff --git a/book/credits.md b/book/credits.md
@@ -37,11 +37,13 @@ We have to thank these great people on helping to write this book. Everyone here
   - [devRant](https://devrant.com/users/silverstar)
   - [GitHub](https://github.com/gadilashashank)
 
-- Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo"
+- Skayo
 
   - [devRant](https://devrant.com/users/Skayo)
 
   - [GitHub](https://github.com/Skayo)
+
+  - [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Skayo_)
   
 - Lucas Parzianello
 
diff --git a/book/languages/erlang/README.md b/book/languages/erlang/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Hello
 
-> This chapter was made by Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo".
+> This chapter was made by Skayo.
 
 Welcome in the Erlang part.
 Hope you'll enjoy reading it.
diff --git a/book/languages/erlang/conclusion.md b/book/languages/erlang/conclusion.md
@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ It has amazing features and need more attention than it has now.
 
 ## Regarding authors
 
-This chapter was made by [Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo"](https://github.com/Skayo).
+This chapter was made by [Skayo](https://github.com/Skayo).
diff --git a/book/languages/golang/README.md b/book/languages/golang/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Hi there
 
-> This chapter was made by Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo".
+> This chapter was made by Skayo.
 
 Welcome to the Golang part!
 I hope you'll enjoy this chapter.
diff --git a/book/languages/golang/conclusion.md b/book/languages/golang/conclusion.md
@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ But I'll say something more.
 
 ## Regarding authors
 
-This chapter was made by [Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo"](https://github.com/Skayo) with grammar corrections made by [Gadila Shashank Reddy](https://github.com/gadilashashank).
+This chapter was made by [Skayo](https://github.com/Skayo) with grammar corrections made by [Gadila Shashank Reddy](https://github.com/gadilashashank).
diff --git a/book/languages/haskell/README.md b/book/languages/haskell/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Hi there
 
-> This chapter was made by Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo".
+> This chapter was made by Skayo.
 
 Welcome to the Haskell part!
 I hope you'll enjoy this chapter.
diff --git a/book/languages/haskell/conclusion.md b/book/languages/haskell/conclusion.md
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ If you do love math, you're gonna love Haskell
 
 ## Regarding authors
 
-This chapter was made by [Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo"](https://github.com/Skayo).
+This chapter was made by [Skayo](https://github.com/Skayo).
diff --git a/book/languages/js/README.md b/book/languages/js/README.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Oh, hello there
 
-> This chapter has been authored by Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo" and Gadila Shashank Reddy.
+> This chapter has been authored by Skayo and Gadila Shashank Reddy.
 
 Welcome to the JavaScript chapter! We would like to let you know a bit more about
 JavaScript and programming in JavaScript.
diff --git a/book/languages/js/conclusion.md b/book/languages/js/conclusion.md
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ gateway to exploit negligent or non careful users.
 
 ## Regarding the authors
 
-This chapter was originally written by Konrad Nachtigall Skayo and additions were made to it
+This chapter was originally written by Skayo and additions were made to it
 by Gadila Shashank Reddy. For the original content written by Konrad, see
 [here.](https://github.com/Skayo/Community-Programming-Book/tree/f8c9cf8fc2d7cad783f85393e3e5103f8bc76b35/book/languages/js)
diff --git a/book/languages/lua/README.md b/book/languages/lua/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# Hi
+
+> This chapter was made by Skayo.
+
+Welcome to the Lua part!
diff --git a/book/languages/lua/advantages.md b/book/languages/lua/advantages.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Advantages
+
+Some of Lua's advantages are:
+
+* **Linear Learning Curve**
+
+* **Metatables**
+
+* **Portable, can be built on any platform with ANSI C compiler**
+
+* **Embedded and extensible language**
+
+* **Runs well when it comes to speed**
+
+* **Lexical scoping**
+
+* **Functional Programming compatible with first-class functions and closures**
diff --git a/book/languages/lua/conclusion.md b/book/languages/lua/conclusion.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Conclusion
+
+## Sources
+
+* [Everipedia](https://everipedia.org/wiki/lang_en/Extensible_programming/)
+
+* [Lua official site](https://www.lua.org/)
+
+* [WikiBooks](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Lua_Programming/Features)
+
+* [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_(programming_language))
diff --git a/book/languages/lua/disadvantages.md b/book/languages/lua/disadvantages.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Disadvantages
+
+Some bad stuff about Lua...
+
+* **No Unicode support**
+
+* **It's not super popular language...**
+
+* **With the Portability comes price of out of the box features**
+
+* **No bitops in the older versions**
diff --git a/book/languages/lua/history.md b/book/languages/lua/history.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# History
+
+**Lua** was created in 1993 by the members of the **Computer Graphics Technology Group (Tecgraf)**.
+Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo and Waldemar Celes made Lua at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
+
+Back in the day *(1977-1992)*, Brazil had a strong trade barriers policy for both computer hardware and software. Clients just couldn't afford to buy software from abroad. That's the reason which led Tecgraf to implement basic tools from scratch.
+
+Before Lua, there were two languages, **SOL (Simple Object Language)** and **DEL (Data-entry language)**. They have been developed by Tecgraf to add some flexibility to the other projects. But those two were just bad and Tecgraf wanted to have full programming power in them.
+
+**Lua 1.0** was designed in a different way than other programming languages back then.
+Syntax was borrowed from **Modula** (if, while etc.), **C++** (local variable declaration only when it's needed), **CLU** (multiple assignments/returns from function calls), **AWK** and **SNOBOL** (associative arrays).
+Lua's creators also say that **LISP** and **Scheme** had a major influence on developing the table as the primary data structure of Lua.
diff --git a/book/languages/lua/intro.md b/book/languages/lua/intro.md
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Inception
+
+**Lua** is multi-paradigm programing language that's very lightweight and was designed for embedded use in applications. It's cross-platform because Lua has a simple C API to embed it into applications and its interpreter of compiled bytecode is written in ANSI C.
+
+It was designed for extending software applications to meet the demands for customization at the time.
+Domain-specific and more complicated features **weren't** included, but it provided basic of most procedural programming languages and it was built with mechanisms for extending the language.
+
+It supports procedural programming, oop and functional programming, as well as data-driven programming and data description.
+
+# Features
+
+* **Portable and super lightweight**
+
+    Lua package is really small. You can run Lua code on every platform, Windows, macOS, and Linux.
+
+* **Dynamic datatypes**
+
+    The dynamic data type accepts data from and sends data to the following data types, where the scalar data type is a Boolean value or a floating-point number.
+
+* **Extensible**
+
+    Extensible programming language consists of a base language with elementary computing facilities and also the meta-language, with a capability of modifying base language.
+
+* **Efficient**
+
+    If language works faster, it's more efficient.
+
+* **Suitable for using it as an embedded language**
+
+    It means that Lua is written in C, it's the extension to the C language with additional header files.
diff --git a/book/languages/lua/misc.md b/book/languages/lua/misc.md
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+# Some interesting facts
+
+* **Awesome WM** is mainly written in Lua and uses it as its configuration file format
+
+* **Cheat Engine**, memory editor/debugger uses Lua to  be embedded in its "cheat tables"
+
+* **Conky**, a Linux system monitor, uses Lua for advanced graphics
+
+* **CRYENGINE**, game engine, uses Lua for user scripts
+
+* **Garry's Mod** uses Lua.
+
+## Example of "Hello World" code written in Lua compared to other programming languages
+
+### **Lua**
+
+```Lua
+print("Hello World!")
+```
+
+### **JavaScript**
+
+```JavaScript
+"use strict"
+console.log("Hello world!");
+```
+
+### Haskell
+
+```haskell
+module Main where
+
+main :: IO ()
+main = putStrLn "Hello, World!"
+```
+
+### **Python 3**
+
+```Python
+print("Hello, world!")
+```
+
+### **Ruby**
+
+```Ruby
+puts "Hello world!"
+```
diff --git a/book/languages/perl/advantages.md b/book/languages/perl/advantages.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Advantages
 
-Perl derives most of its syntax from well-known languages and tools common in UNIX-like operating systems.
+**Perl** derives most of its syntax from well-known languages and tools common in UNIX-like operating systems.
 
 Becoming a good programmer with Perl, with previous knowledge of C, Shell script, Sed, Awk and other UNIX tools
 is relatively easy. Perl is **really** easy to learn!
diff --git a/book/languages/perl/conclusion.md b/book/languages/perl/conclusion.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 # Conclusion
 
-Perl is amazing text processing language and there is no other tool that can beat Perl in this discipline.
+**Perl** is amazing text processing language and there is no other tool that can beat Perl in this discipline.
 
 Perl is very definite. As a simple example, let's check out the classic "Hello World" program. Here it is in C:
 
diff --git a/book/languages/perl/history.md b/book/languages/perl/history.md
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
 
 # History
 
-Larry Wall developed Perl in 1986. He was a systems programmer on a project that was developing multilevel, secure wide area
+**Larry Wall** developed Perl in *1986*. He was a systems programmer on a project that was developing multilevel, secure wide area
 networks. Larry was in charge of installation. Larry's primary job was system support "guru". During this stint, he developed
-several useful UNIX tools such as rn, patch, and warp. Perl was developed in response to a management requirement for a
+several useful UNIX tools such as rn, patch, and warp. **Perl** was developed in response to a management requirement for a
 configuration management and control system. Larry's manager asked him to produce reports. Larry's first thought was to use awk to
 produce the reports. Awk couldn't handle opening and closing multiple files based on information in the files. Larry didn't want to
-code a special purpose tool just for this job, so a new language was born. You'll find a reference to the former five-letter
-version in the entry for the acronym Practical Extraction and Report Language. The manual page was only 15 pages long. But Perl was
+code a special purpose tool just for this job, so a new language was born.
+
+You'll find a reference to the former five-letter
+version in the entry for the acronym Practical Extraction and Report Language. The manual page was **only 15 pages long**. But Perl was
 faster than sed and awk and began to be used on other aspects of the project. Larry moved on to support research and development
 and took Perl with him. Perl was becoming a good tool for system administration. Larry borrowed Henry Spencer's regular expression
 package and modified it for Perl. Then Larry added most of the goodies he and other people wanted and released it on the Internet.
diff --git a/book/languages/perl/intro.md b/book/languages/perl/intro.md
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 
 # Introduction
 
-Perl is an interpreted language optimized for processing arbitrary text files, extracting information, and printing reports.
-It is also a good language for system management tasks. The language is intended to be practical, easy to use, efficient, and
+**Perl** is an interpreted language optimized for processing arbitrary text files, extracting information, and printing reports.
+It is also a good language for *system management tasks.* The language is intended to be practical, easy to use, efficient, and
 complete, rather than beautiful-tiny, elegant, and minimal. Perl was written by Larry Wall, with help of other contributors.
 
-Perl is bundled with various Linux distros and other UNIX-like systems. You can install it on Windows (R).
+**Perl** is bundled with various Linux distros and other UNIX-like systems. You can install it on Windows (R).
 
 Perl is interpreted. This can be either an advantage or disadvantage, depending on your needs. For example, Perl has a short
 development cycle compared to compiled languages, but it will never reach their efficiency.

Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -15,4 +15,4 @@ It has amazing features and need more attention than it has now.`
`15`	`15`
`16`	`16`	`## Regarding authors`
`17`	`17`
`18`		`-This chapter was made by [Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo"](https://github.com/Skayo).`
	`18`	`+This chapter was made by [Skayo](https://github.com/Skayo).`
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -17,4 +17,4 @@ But I'll say something more.`
`17`	`17`
`18`	`18`	`## Regarding authors`
`19`	`19`
`20`		`-This chapter was made by [Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo"](https://github.com/Skayo) with grammar corrections made by [Gadila Shashank Reddy](https://github.com/gadilashashank).`
	`20`	`+This chapter was made by [Skayo](https://github.com/Skayo) with grammar corrections made by [Gadila Shashank Reddy](https://github.com/gadilashashank).`
Original file line number	Diff line number	Diff line change
`@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ If you do love math, you're gonna love Haskell`
`21`	`21`
`22`	`22`	`## Regarding authors`
`23`	`23`
`24`		`-This chapter was made by [Konrad Nachtigall "Skayo"](https://github.com/Skayo).`
	`24`	`+This chapter was made by [Skayo](https://github.com/Skayo).`