Add `log_byte` and `trace_metric_byte` support

[dingsdax]

Implement support for log_byte and trace_metric_byte in the Ruby SDK so client outcomes and rate limiting correctly cover logs and trace metrics.

After this ships, the Ruby SDK will:

• emit log_byte client outcomes when dropping logs
• emit trace_metric_byte client outcomes when dropping metrics
• respect incoming rate limits for both log_byte and trace_metric_byte

References:

• Client Reports – log-byte outcomes
• Client Reports – metric-byte outcomes
• Rate limiting data categories

[linear-code]

RUBY-185