diff --git a/skills/rig/rig.ts b/skills/rig/rig.ts
index cb89df7..d659929 100644
--- a/skills/rig/rig.ts
+++ b/skills/rig/rig.ts
@@ -1455,7 +1455,7 @@ function validateSchema(value: unknown, schema: Schema, path: string, optional:
       const fieldPath = `${path}.${key}`;
       const isOptional = isOptionalSchema(fieldSchema);
       if (fieldValue === undefined && !isOptional) {
-        const expectedType = "type" in fieldSchema ? (fieldSchema as { type: string }).type : "enum" in fieldSchema ? "enum value" : "value";
+        const expectedType = describeSchemaType(fieldSchema);
         return { ok: false, error: `${fieldPath}: missing required field (expected ${expectedType})` };
       }
       const result = validateSchema(fieldValue, fieldSchema, fieldPath, false);
@@ -1789,6 +1789,25 @@ function previewWithFirstDiff(value: string | undefined, expected: string, maxPr
   return `${prefixEllipsis}${preview}${suffixEllipsis}`;
 }
 
+function describeSchemaType(schema: Schema): string {
+  if ("nullable" in schema && schema.nullable === true) {
+    return `${describeSchemaType((schema as NullableSchema).inner)} | null`;
+  }
+  if ("type" in schema) {
+    return (schema as { type: string }).type;
+  }
+  if ("enum" in schema) {
+    return (schema as EnumSchema).enum.map((v: Json) => JSON.stringify(v)).join(" | ");
+  }
+  if ("items" in schema) {
+    return "array";
+  }
+  if ("properties" in schema || "additionalProperties" in schema) {
+    return "object";
+  }
+  return "value";
+}
+
 function bad(path: string, expected: string, actual: unknown): ValidationResult {
   const actualType = actual === null ? "null" : Array.isArray(actual) ? "array" : typeof actual;
   const actualRepr = JSON.stringify(actual);
diff --git a/src/rig.test.ts b/src/rig.test.ts
index 6eb51e4..f559da9 100644
--- a/src/rig.test.ts
+++ b/src/rig.test.ts
@@ -1246,4 +1246,37 @@ describe("missing required field error message", () => {
     const result = analyzeResponse(JSON.stringify({ name: "Alice" }), schema, "test", 1);
     expect(result.ok).toBe(true);
   });
+
+  it("reports a missing required array field with type 'array'", () => {
+    const schema = s.object({ items: s.array(s.string), name: s.string });
+    const result = analyzeResponse(JSON.stringify({ name: "x" }), schema, "test", 1);
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain("missing required field");
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain("$.items");
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain("array");
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("reports a missing required nullable field with '<inner> | null'", () => {
+    const schema = s.object({ score: s.nullable(s.number), name: s.string });
+    const result = analyzeResponse(JSON.stringify({ name: "x" }), schema, "test", 1);
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain("missing required field");
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain("$.score");
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain("number | null");
+    }
+  });
+
+  it("reports a missing required enum field with enum values", () => {
+    const schema = s.object({ status: s.enum("open", "closed"), name: s.string });
+    const result = analyzeResponse(JSON.stringify({ name: "x" }), schema, "test", 1);
+    expect(result.ok).toBe(false);
+    if (!result.ok) {
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain("missing required field");
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain("$.status");
+      expect(result.error.message).toContain('"open"');
+    }
+  });
 });