diff --git a/lib/http_capability_gateway/gateway.ex b/lib/http_capability_gateway/gateway.ex
index 89e6592..616c5f0 100644
--- a/lib/http_capability_gateway/gateway.ex
+++ b/lib/http_capability_gateway/gateway.ex
@@ -307,6 +307,17 @@ defmodule HttpCapabilityGateway.Gateway do
           remote_ip: conn.remote_ip |> :inet.ntoa() |> to_string()
         )
 
+        # Persist to the audit ledger so probes for unsupported verbs
+        # (PROPFIND/MKCOL/REPORT/garbage) leave a forensic trail. This was
+        # missing from the audit stream — the most security-relevant path
+        # (unknown verb against an undeclared route) was the one not being
+        # recorded. The verb string is passed as-is (no atom creation);
+        # VeriSimDB stores it verbatim. The "policy_ref" carries a
+        # discriminator so the audit reader can distinguish this case from
+        # a legitimate deny.
+        trust_level = Map.get(conn.assigns, :trust_level, :untrusted)
+        VeriSimDB.audit_deny(path, conn.method, trust_level, "unknown_method:#{conn.method}")
+
         conn
         |> put_resp_content_type("application/json")
         |> send_resp(405, Jason.encode!(%{error: "Method Not Allowed"}))
@@ -387,6 +398,13 @@ defmodule HttpCapabilityGateway.Gateway do
               duration_us = System.monotonic_time() - start_time
               log_decision(request_id, path, verb, trust_level, :no_match, nil, duration_us)
 
+              # Persist to the audit ledger as well. The no-match path is
+              # security-relevant (a probe for an undeclared route) and was
+              # previously logged but not persisted. The "policy_ref"
+              # discriminator lets the audit reader filter no-match denials
+              # from explicit-rule denials.
+              VeriSimDB.audit_deny(path, to_string(verb), trust_level, "no_match")
+
               stealth_profiles = Application.get_env(:http_capability_gateway, :stealth_profiles, %{})
               stealth_enabled? = stealth_profiles != %{}
 
diff --git a/test/gateway_audit_paths_test.exs b/test/gateway_audit_paths_test.exs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd22e80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/gateway_audit_paths_test.exs
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+# Copyright (c) Jonathan D.A. Jewell <j.d.a.jewell@open.ac.uk>
+defmodule HttpCapabilityGateway.GatewayAuditPathsTest do
+  @moduledoc """
+  Regression tests for audit-ledger persistence on the no-match and
+  unknown-method denial paths. Both paths were previously logged via
+  Logger but not persisted via VeriSimDB. Audit issue #31 (priority 4).
+  """
+
+  use ExUnit.Case, async: false
+  import Plug.Conn
+  import Plug.Test
+
+  alias HttpCapabilityGateway.{Gateway, PolicyCompiler, VeriSimDB}
+
+  setup_all do
+    # Start the VeriSimDB GenServer if it isn't already (so the casts in
+    # the gateway have a live mailbox to land in). The buffer ETS table
+    # is created on init/1, which is what we assert against.
+    case Process.whereis(VeriSimDB) do
+      nil ->
+        {:ok, _pid} = VeriSimDB.start_link([])
+        :ok
+
+      _pid ->
+        :ok
+    end
+
+    HttpCapabilityGateway.RateLimiter.init([])
+    HttpCapabilityGateway.K9Contract.init()
+    :ok
+  end
+
+  setup do
+    policy = %{
+      "dsl_version" => "1",
+      "governance" => %{
+        "global_verbs" => ["GET"],
+        "routes" => [%{"path" => "/api/known", "verbs" => ["GET"]}]
+      }
+    }
+
+    {:ok, table} = PolicyCompiler.compile(policy, delete_old: false)
+    Application.put_env(:http_capability_gateway, :policy_table, table)
+    Application.put_env(:http_capability_gateway, :stealth_profiles, %{})
+    :ok
+  end
+
+  # Helper: drain the VeriSimDB buffer ETS table and return all rows
+  # that match this test's request_id, so we can assert on what was cast.
+  defp read_buffer do
+    case :ets.whereis(:capgw_verisimdb_buffer) do
+      :undefined ->
+        []
+
+      _tid ->
+        :ets.tab2list(:capgw_verisimdb_buffer)
+    end
+  end
+
+  defp wait_for_cast_to_settle do
+    # GenServer.cast is async; flush by doing a sync call on the same pid.
+    _ = :sys.get_state(VeriSimDB)
+    :ok
+  end
+
+  defp clear_buffer do
+    case :ets.whereis(:capgw_verisimdb_buffer) do
+      :undefined -> :ok
+      _ -> :ets.delete_all_objects(:capgw_verisimdb_buffer)
+    end
+
+    :ok
+  end
+
+  describe "no-match denial path" do
+    test "persists a deny entry to the audit ledger" do
+      clear_buffer()
+
+      conn = conn(:delete, "/api/totally-undeclared") |> Gateway.call([])
+      assert conn.status == 403
+      assert conn.halted
+
+      wait_for_cast_to_settle()
+
+      entries = read_buffer()
+
+      # The buffer stores {id, entry_map}; the entry_map carries the
+      # action, path, verb, trust, and policy_ref discriminator.
+      matching =
+        Enum.filter(entries, fn {_id, entry} ->
+          entry[:action] == :deny and
+            entry[:path] == "/api/totally-undeclared" and
+            entry[:policy_ref] == "no_match"
+        end)
+
+      assert length(matching) >= 1,
+             "expected at least one no_match deny entry; buffer was: #{inspect(entries)}"
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "unknown-method denial path" do
+    test "persists a deny entry with unknown_method discriminator" do
+      clear_buffer()
+
+      # Use a method outside the @valid_methods allowlist. PROPFIND is the
+      # canonical WebDAV verb the gateway must reject; previously this
+      # only produced a Logger.warning with no audit row.
+      conn = conn("PROPFIND", "/api/known") |> Gateway.call([])
+      assert conn.status == 405
+      assert conn.halted
+
+      wait_for_cast_to_settle()
+
+      entries = read_buffer()
+
+      matching =
+        Enum.filter(entries, fn {_id, entry} ->
+          entry[:action] == :deny and
+            is_binary(entry[:policy_ref]) and
+            String.starts_with?(entry[:policy_ref], "unknown_method:")
+        end)
+
+      assert length(matching) >= 1,
+             "expected at least one unknown_method deny entry; buffer was: #{inspect(entries)}"
+    end
+  end
+end