Add PostgreSQL cheatsheet note

Author: mcecode

src/content/notes/cheatheet-postgresql.md

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+---
+title: "Cheatsheet: PostgreSQL"
+dateCreated: 2025-08-25
+dateUpdated: 2025-08-25
+---
+
+This cheatsheet contains the steps I take to set up and interact with PostgreSQL, mainly when I'm developing something locally. It documents commands and flags that I use but forget when I haven't worked with PostgreSQL in a while. The commands below work on Arch Linux so they may need to be modified if you want to run them on a different system. They also assume that you're using the default host, localhost, and port, 5432.
+
+You don't have to go through steps 1-6 every time. You likely only need to go through a subset of them depending on your use case:
+
+- When setting up PostgreSQL for the first time, you probably want to do: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.
+- When you have a new project to set up, you may want to do: 2, 3, 4, 6.
+- When you want to connect with a database via the command line, you can do: 2, 5, 6.
+
+## Steps
+
+1. Initialize cluster:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo --user postgres initdb --pgdata <path>
+   ```
+
+   Or shorthand:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo -u postgres initdb -D <path>
+   ```
+
+   **Notes:**
+
+   - This is the bare minimum command to initialize a cluster, which is fine locally, but you probably want to set the authentication method, the bootstrap superuser's password, etc. for remote systems.
+   - `--pgdata` or `-D` can be omitted if the `PGDATA` environment variable is set.
+
+2. Start server:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo --user postgres pg_ctl start --pgdata <path> --log <path>
+   ```
+
+   Or shorthand:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo -u postgres pg_ctl start -D <path> -l <path>
+   ```
+
+   **Notes:**
+
+   - You may need to run `mkdir /run/postgresql` then `chown postgres:postgres /run/postgresql` once with root privileges before you can start the server.
+   - `--pgdata` or `-D` can be omitted if the `PGDATA` environment variable is set.
+   - `--log` or `-l` is optional but it's nice to have a logfile in case you need to check what happened.
+
+3. Create user:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo --user postgres createuser --superuser <username>
+   ```
+
+   Or shorthand:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo -u postgres createuser -s <username>
+   ```
+
+   **Notes:**
+
+   - This step is optional if you plan to use the default `postgres` superuser.
+   - Passing `--superuser` or `-s` when creating local users is for convenience, you probably need to be more careful with what privileges a user is granted on remote systems.
+   - Pass `--pwprompt` or `-P` to `createuser` if you want to set a password for the new user.
+   - For ease of use in running subsequent commands, you can set `<username>` to be the same as the current system user.
+
+4. Create database:
+
+   If you created a superuser with the same username as the current system user and you want both the owner and database name to be the same:
+
+   ```console
+   createdb
+   ```
+
+   Else, if you want a different database name:
+
+   ```console
+   createdb <dbname>
+   ```
+
+   Else, you need to specify both the owner and database name:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo --user postgres createdb --owner <username> <dbname>
+   ```
+
+   Or shorthand:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo -u postgres createdb -O <username> <dbname>
+   ```
+
+   **Notes:**
+
+   - `<dbname>` can also be omitted if the `PGDATABASE` environment variable is set, in which case, it will be the value used instead of the current system user's username.
+
+5. Connect to database:
+
+   If the current system user's username is the same as the database name and owner's username:
+
+   ```console
+   psql
+   ```
+
+   Else, you may need to pass one or both of the following:
+
+   - `--dbname` or `-d` for the database name
+   - `--username` or `-U` for the owner's username
+
+   Once connected, you can do the rest with SQL.
+
+   Some useful meta-commands:
+
+   - `\du` to list users
+   - `\l` to list databases
+   - `\connect <dbname>` or `\c <dbname>` to connect to a different database
+   - `\dt` to list tables in current database
+   - `\quit` or `\q` to exit the shell
+
+6. Stop server:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo --user postgres pg_ctl stop --pgdata <path>
+   ```
+
+   Or shorthand:
+
+   ```console
+   sudo -u postgres pg_ctl stop -D <path>
+   ```
+
+   **Notes:**
+
+   - `--pgdata` or `-D` can be omitted if the `PGDATA` environment variable is set.
+
+## References
+
+- <https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/sudo.8.html>
+- <https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PostgreSQL>
+- <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-initdb.html>
+- <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pg-ctl.html>
+- <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-postgres.html>
+- <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-createuser.html>
+- <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-createdb.html>
+- <https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-psql.html>

src/styles/article.scss

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