diff --git a/src/mcp/client/streamable_http.py b/src/mcp/client/streamable_http.py
index aa3e50e07e..0784d3b331 100644
--- a/src/mcp/client/streamable_http.py
+++ b/src/mcp/client/streamable_http.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
 
+import base64
 import contextlib
 import logging
 from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Awaitable, Callable
@@ -43,6 +44,8 @@
 
 MCP_SESSION_ID = "mcp-session-id"
 MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION = "mcp-protocol-version"
+MCP_METHOD = "mcp-method"
+MCP_NAME = "mcp-name"
 LAST_EVENT_ID = "last-event-id"
 
 # Reconnection defaults
@@ -50,6 +53,51 @@
 MAX_RECONNECTION_ATTEMPTS = 2  # Max retry attempts before giving up
 
 
+def _encode_mcp_header_value(value: str) -> str:
+    """Encode a value for an MCP routing header per SEP-2243.
+
+    Returns ``value`` unchanged when it is already safe to send as an HTTP
+    header value: printable ASCII (0x20-0x7E) with no leading or trailing
+    whitespace, and not already matching the ``=?base64?...?=`` sentinel.
+    Otherwise returns the SEP-2243 base64 form ``=?base64?<b64>?=`` over the
+    UTF-8 bytes, which safely carries non-ASCII text, control characters
+    (avoiding header injection), and significant leading/trailing whitespace.
+    """
+    is_safe = (
+        all("\x20" <= ch <= "\x7e" for ch in value)
+        and (not value or (value[0] not in " \t" and value[-1] not in " \t"))
+        and not (value.startswith("=?base64?") and value.endswith("?="))
+    )
+    if is_safe:
+        return value
+    encoded = base64.b64encode(value.encode("utf-8")).decode("ascii")
+    return f"=?base64?{encoded}?="
+
+
+def _set_mcp_request_headers(headers: dict[str, str], message: JSONRPCMessage) -> None:
+    """Add SEP-2243 routing headers for an outgoing POST message.
+
+    ``Mcp-Method`` carries the JSON-RPC method for requests and notifications.
+    ``Mcp-Name`` carries the target ``params.name`` (tools, prompts) or, when
+    that is absent, ``params.uri`` (resources), encoded per SEP-2243 so that
+    non-ASCII, control characters, or significant whitespace are transmitted
+    safely. JSON-RPC responses and errors, which have no method, receive
+    neither header.
+
+    See https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification (SEP-2243).
+    """
+    if not isinstance(message, JSONRPCRequest | JSONRPCNotification):
+        return
+    headers[MCP_METHOD] = message.method
+    params = message.params
+    if params is None:
+        return
+    name = params.get("name")
+    mcp_name = name if isinstance(name, str) else params.get("uri")
+    if isinstance(mcp_name, str):
+        headers[MCP_NAME] = _encode_mcp_header_value(mcp_name)
+
+
 class StreamableHTTPError(Exception):
     """Base exception for StreamableHTTP transport errors."""
 
@@ -255,6 +303,7 @@ async def _handle_post_request(self, ctx: RequestContext) -> None:
         """Handle a POST request with response processing."""
         headers = self._prepare_headers()
         message = ctx.session_message.message
+        _set_mcp_request_headers(headers, message)
         is_initialization = self._is_initialization_request(message)
 
         async with ctx.client.stream(
diff --git a/tests/shared/test_streamable_http.py b/tests/shared/test_streamable_http.py
index 3d5770fb61..f1876da9d7 100644
--- a/tests/shared/test_streamable_http.py
+++ b/tests/shared/test_streamable_http.py
@@ -29,7 +29,12 @@
 
 from mcp import MCPError, types
 from mcp.client.session import ClientSession
-from mcp.client.streamable_http import StreamableHTTPTransport, streamable_http_client
+from mcp.client.streamable_http import (
+    StreamableHTTPTransport,
+    _encode_mcp_header_value,
+    _set_mcp_request_headers,
+    streamable_http_client,
+)
 from mcp.server import Server, ServerRequestContext
 from mcp.server.streamable_http import (
     MCP_PROTOCOL_VERSION_HEADER,
@@ -2318,3 +2323,74 @@ async def test_streamable_http_client_preserves_custom_with_mcp_headers(
 
                 assert "content-type" in headers_data
                 assert headers_data["content-type"] == "application/json"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("message", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Request with params.name (tools/prompts) -> Mcp-Name is the name.
+        (
+            types.JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=1, method="tools/call", params={"name": "read_file"}),
+            {"mcp-method": "tools/call", "mcp-name": "read_file"},
+        ),
+        # Request with params.uri but no name (resources) -> Mcp-Name is the uri.
+        (
+            types.JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=2, method="resources/read", params={"uri": "file:///README.md"}),
+            {"mcp-method": "resources/read", "mcp-name": "file:///README.md"},
+        ),
+        # Request without params -> only Mcp-Method.
+        (
+            types.JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=3, method="initialize", params=None),
+            {"mcp-method": "initialize"},
+        ),
+        # Request whose name is not a string and has no uri -> only Mcp-Method.
+        (
+            types.JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=4, method="tools/call", params={"name": 123}),
+            {"mcp-method": "tools/call"},
+        ),
+        # Notification -> Mcp-Method, never Mcp-Name.
+        (
+            types.JSONRPCNotification(jsonrpc="2.0", method="notifications/initialized"),
+            {"mcp-method": "notifications/initialized"},
+        ),
+        # Response and error have no method -> no MCP routing headers.
+        (
+            types.JSONRPCResponse(jsonrpc="2.0", id=5, result={}),
+            {},
+        ),
+        (
+            types.JSONRPCError(jsonrpc="2.0", id=6, error=types.ErrorData(code=types.INTERNAL_ERROR, message="boom")),
+            {},
+        ),
+        # A name with non-ASCII characters is encoded per SEP-2243, not sent raw
+        # (sending it raw would raise UnicodeEncodeError when building the request).
+        (
+            types.JSONRPCRequest(jsonrpc="2.0", id=7, method="tools/call", params={"name": "café"}),
+            {"mcp-method": "tools/call", "mcp-name": "=?base64?Y2Fmw6k=?="},
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_set_mcp_request_headers(message: types.JSONRPCMessage, expected: dict[str, str]) -> None:
+    """SEP-2243: POST messages carry Mcp-Method, and Mcp-Name when a target is present."""
+    headers: dict[str, str] = {}
+    _set_mcp_request_headers(headers, message)
+    assert headers == expected
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("value", "expected"),
+    [
+        # Safe values are sent unchanged.
+        ("get_weather", "get_weather"),
+        ("file:///projects/myapp/config.json", "file:///projects/myapp/config.json"),
+        ("", ""),
+        # Unsafe values are base64-wrapped (examples taken from SEP-2243).
+        ("Hello, 世界", "=?base64?SGVsbG8sIOS4lueVjA==?="),  # non-ASCII
+        (" padded ", "=?base64?IHBhZGRlZCA=?="),  # leading/trailing space
+        ("line1\nline2", "=?base64?bGluZTEKbGluZTI=?="),  # control character / injection
+        ("=?base64?literal?=", "=?base64?PT9iYXNlNjQ/bGl0ZXJhbD89?="),  # sentinel collision
+    ],
+)
+def test_encode_mcp_header_value(value: str, expected: str) -> None:
+    """SEP-2243 value encoding: safe ASCII passes through, everything else is base64-wrapped."""
+    assert _encode_mcp_header_value(value) == expected