Validate nanoseconds range when unpacking timestamps in the C extension

unpack_timestamp() decoded the nanoseconds field of a timestamp64/96 but
never range-checked it, so with timestamp=1|2|3 the C extension silently
accepted a malformed value >= 1e9, while the pure-Python fallback and the
C extension's own timestamp=0 path both reject it. The MessagePack spec
states nanoseconds must not be larger than 999999999.

Add the range check in unpack_timestamp() so all modes reject consistently.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Author: chuenchen309

msgpack/unpack.h

@@ -271,16 +271,21 @@ static int unpack_timestamp(const char* buf, unsigned int buflen, msgpack_timest
         uint64_t value =_msgpack_load64(uint64_t, buf);
         ts->tv_nsec = (uint32_t)(value >> 34);
         ts->tv_sec = value & 0x00000003ffffffffLL;
-        return 0;
+        break;
     }
     case 12:
         ts->tv_nsec = _msgpack_load32(uint32_t, buf);
         ts->tv_sec = _msgpack_load64(int64_t, buf + 4);
-        return 0;
+        break;
     default:
         PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "invalid timestamp data (length %u)", buflen);
         return -1;
     }
+    if (ts->tv_nsec > 999999999) {
+        PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError, "nanoseconds must be a non-negative integer less than 999999999.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    return 0;
 }
 
 #include "datetime.h"

test/test_timestamp.py

@@ -71,6 +71,15 @@ def test_unpack_timestamp():
         msgpack.unpackb(b"\xc7\x05\xff\0\0\0\0\0")  # ext8 (len=5)
 
 
+def test_unpack_timestamp_out_of_range_nanoseconds():
+    # An out-of-range nanoseconds field must be rejected in every timestamp=
+    # mode (spec: nanoseconds must not exceed 999999999), not only the default.
+    for data in (b"\xd7\xff" + b"\xff" * 8, b"\xc7\x0c\xff" + b"\xff" * 12):
+        for mode in (0, 1, 2, 3):
+            with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+                msgpack.unpackb(data, timestamp=mode)
+
+
 def test_timestamp_from():
     t = Timestamp(42, 14000)
     assert Timestamp.from_unix(42.000014) == t