diff --git a/.keywatch-baseline.json b/.keywatch-baseline.json
index 06b4f93..975b102 100644
--- a/.keywatch-baseline.json
+++ b/.keywatch-baseline.json
@@ -31,14 +31,21 @@
     },
     {
       "file_path": "detectors.toml",
-      "line_number": 216,
-      "finding_type": "Certificate",
-      "matched_content_hash": "648ee3671e3bc408c3bce7d0ce237d9716da2c360a5c57c235a21067ac11eea9",
-      "plugin_name": "CertificateDetector"
+      "line_number": 139,
+      "finding_type": "Password",
+      "matched_content_hash": "c4b6db313d1e0ff8fa67c051492f789b8a72be53a36ae9a809bedf3c9da567b0",
+      "plugin_name": "PasswordDetector"
+    },
+    {
+      "file_path": "detectors.toml",
+      "line_number": 145,
+      "finding_type": "Password",
+      "matched_content_hash": "45621b4aab2b2d2dfbb9ecca8abd5e2cd338cfe8c7e993f3c2d9abb2d98124ce",
+      "plugin_name": "PasswordDetector"
     },
     {
       "file_path": "detectors.toml",
-      "line_number": 829,
+      "line_number": 870,
       "finding_type": "Base64 Encoded String",
       "matched_content_hash": "e7e83ac014759b0de9f4e42e44daa4ae4820947de0c4436363b752b701dd147f",
       "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
@@ -117,7 +124,7 @@
       "file_path": "docs/architecture/detector-config-trust.svg",
       "line_number": 7,
       "finding_type": "Base64 Encoded String",
-      "matched_content_hash": "c77955587c1ef977a8ef77ed7c143faf1c8922f858da143af3e146a3f95fe841",
+      "matched_content_hash": "b7141e1d4f3ed2f03840807e34d0514f9142d1617d99e6e284495a2391ee5a79",
       "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
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     {
@@ -173,14 +180,14 @@
       "file_path": "docs/architecture/scan-pipeline.svg",
       "line_number": 7,
       "finding_type": "Base64 Encoded String",
-      "matched_content_hash": "f3753f090549b3529cacad629e2bfcbd8864d45851010ffedc5159fc3bb74e91",
+      "matched_content_hash": "8dc72c32e291de9c0401c3550fa2c8df4698939bb6edc5a0fcdc60f0c768513c",
       "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
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     {
       "file_path": "docs/architecture/scan-pipeline.svg",
       "line_number": 14,
       "finding_type": "Base64 Encoded String",
-      "matched_content_hash": "ba34e96d0f5312b12c26d734c3cd0c5f468e318de78c5fb54c13f5b6df6515a8",
+      "matched_content_hash": "9655d730afa93f28500efce8fd3efadc67e1d32ae4d6768e3ac7da8c1fa4dd11",
       "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
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@@ -253,118 +260,97 @@
       "matched_content_hash": "b5458e408e59b20b5f8bb66bb996cf3229bba0f4260ab705070fe7bf7029afa4",
       "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
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-    {
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-      "finding_type": "Random String",
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-      "plugin_name": "RandomString"
-    },
-    {
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-      "line_number": 317,
-      "finding_type": "Credit Card Number",
-      "matched_content_hash": "4541206d542811878a9374508fe296fa321a8b56c2902736a02f388836f6e108",
-      "plugin_name": "CreditCardDetector"
-    },
     {
       "file_path": "src/detector.rs",
-      "line_number": 387,
+      "line_number": 190,
       "finding_type": "Random String",
-      "matched_content_hash": "6bb761274b9fe9cb8eaad9e1c7a0a519c6aa21f619a88bf7c10b6ddc41476822",
+      "matched_content_hash": "b072b74dff00d183f00c1f247fd961d781e865fdf8409f66ed8b6ee324f7fa16",
       "plugin_name": "RandomString"
     },
     {
       "file_path": "src/detector.rs",
-      "line_number": 387,
+      "line_number": 190,
       "finding_type": "Base64 Encoded String",
-      "matched_content_hash": "55aed33555bb9537c54581d477cb02670b2dc79458c39e02fd8796ccb3aa9cc2",
+      "matched_content_hash": "629c198cd173e43cfaf3fc9b505d06104466a1e966d5491b8c82d5c251b13f67",
       "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
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       "file_path": "src/detector.rs",
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-      "finding_type": "Credit Card Number",
-      "matched_content_hash": "4541206d542811878a9374508fe296fa321a8b56c2902736a02f388836f6e108",
-      "plugin_name": "CreditCardDetector"
+      "line_number": 234,
+      "finding_type": "Base64 Encoded String",
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+      "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
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       "file_path": "src/detector.rs",
-      "line_number": 764,
-      "finding_type": "Credit Card Number",
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-      "plugin_name": "CreditCardDetector"
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+      "finding_type": "Base64 Encoded String",
+      "matched_content_hash": "69abc601294453463474ddc77dcbcf003202a1dfa2e1f886d880151676c42e5f",
+      "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
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-      "finding_type": "Credit Card Number",
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-      "plugin_name": "CreditCardDetector"
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+      "finding_type": "Random String",
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+      "finding_type": "Base64 Encoded String",
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+      "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
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     {
       "file_path": "src/scanner/lines.rs",
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+      "line_number": 551,
       "finding_type": "AWS Access Key",
       "matched_content_hash": "3f733150de7916d4778298d7f90493889c38b76876b80c058e439851ce60cb2b",
       "plugin_name": "AWSKeyDetector"
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       "matched_content_hash": "f6bd37622d846ac435a7b7dcbde2347d59494dfd3c3a787604e8b91491a39c95",
       "plugin_name": "GenericKeyValueDetector"
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       "file_path": "src/scanner/lines.rs",
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+      "line_number": 607,
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       "matched_content_hash": "678a65e8968aabff441076ae306e13d4fc85b1d36d8036a10d2100c1dc40d251",
       "plugin_name": "SSHPrivateKeyDetector"
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       "file_path": "src/scanner/lines.rs",
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+      "line_number": 607,
       "finding_type": "Private Key Content",
       "matched_content_hash": "f91082d1cbd2032b5ea19f2bbf6b3f88e02c12ae320fc9e08e6dc0f73d82bdd1",
       "plugin_name": "PrivateKeyDetector"
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       "file_path": "src/scanner/lines.rs",
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+      "line_number": 607,
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       "matched_content_hash": "3dde06bf268892d4210f4b0bf1402ecc6a8ad1e015f8204cdc31667762572ef5",
       "plugin_name": "Base64Detector"
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     {
       "file_path": "src/scanner/lines.rs",
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+      "line_number": 630,
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       "matched_content_hash": "f260ab98a91b6cf1495f7d0048606e54f4ea955195e06f0523068b49a9611b44",
       "plugin_name": "PasswordDetector"
     },
     {
       "file_path": "tests/baseline_tests.rs",
-      "line_number": 53,
+      "line_number": 192,
       "finding_type": "AWS Access Key",
       "matched_content_hash": "3f733150de7916d4778298d7f90493889c38b76876b80c058e439851ce60cb2b",
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       "line_number": 271,
@@ -416,756 +402,686 @@
     },
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@@ -1184,6 +1100,13 @@
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+    {
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+    },
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       "line_number": 3,
@@ -1235,14 +1158,14 @@
     },
     {
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+      "line_number": 103,
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@@ -1263,126 +1186,119 @@
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@@ -1396,7 +1312,7 @@
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@@ -1439,234 +1355,171 @@
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@@ -1683,87 +1536,850 @@
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+      "file_path": "tests/scanner_tests.rs",
+      "line_number": 360,
+      "finding_type": "MongoDB Connection String",
+      "matched_content_hash": "3ac1fa4539cf477b9b0d1f38295384d4cdab175f09e8270fed98dd9570f47e42",
+      "plugin_name": "MongoDBConnectionStringDetector"
+    },
+    {
+      "file_path": "tests/scanner_tests.rs",
+      "line_number": 360,
+      "finding_type": "Email Address",
+      "matched_content_hash": "9d759cc12219630b78bb6872f2b0cd139565c81db69a110204c628a934a229f6",
+      "plugin_name": "EmailDetector"
+    },
+    {
+      "file_path": "tests/scanner_tests.rs",
+      "line_number": 361,
+      "finding_type": "MongoDB Connection String",
+      "matched_content_hash": "9884dac55e743d48ff35fd9de24adbbcea35ced20ce8793b7e985e8dc729a638",
+      "plugin_name": "MongoDBConnectionStringDetector"
     }
   ]
 }
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index c80e2ad..39dfa64 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,41 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+### Breaking changes
+
+- `CreditCardDetector` and the `luhn` validator are removed; payment-card numbers are no longer a finding type, and custom rules that use `validate = "luhn"` must switch to a supported validator
+- Incomplete reports use `INCOMPLETE` instead of `PASS` or `FAIL`.
+  Finding status and coverage are separate fields.
+- `--fail-on-unscannable` applies in every exit mode, and incomplete scans cannot update baselines.
+- Inputs have a 16 MiB ceiling, lines have a 1 MiB ceiling, and scans enforce path and finding budgets.
+  `--max-file-size` can lower the input ceiling but cannot raise it.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Password, Generic Key/Secret, Base64, Random String, IP Address, Email, Certificate, and JWT detectors use narrower shape rules and allowlists.
+  These rules suppress selected declarations, unquoted references, language descriptors, checksum prefixes, loopback addresses, prose mentions, and placeholder signatures.
+- Password matches include complete quoted values and typed Rust `&str` or `&'static str` literals.
+  Generic Key/Secret matches include `/` and `+` instead of stopping at those characters.
+- Password and Generic Key/Secret detectors recognize quoted JSON keys.
+  Generic Key/Secret detection also covers `apikey`, `accesskey`, and `securitykey`.
+- Quoted snake-case and kebab-case values no longer receive a general exemption from Generic Key/Secret detection.
+  Placeholder exemptions match complete, selected values rather than prefixes or arbitrary suffixes.
+- Corrected matches can produce findings that an existing baseline does not suppress.
+  The baseline file format remains unchanged.
+  Review these findings before updating your baseline.
+- Git scans pin path prefixes and hunk context, disclose shallow history, and scan historical text rendered as binary.
+- Custom multiline patterns no longer depend on guessing flags from regex source or fixed overlap windows.
+  Base64-decoded multiline findings use the encoded source line.
+- Report and baseline writes use same-directory atomic replacement and reject destination symlinks or unsafe immediate parent directories.
+- Unknown override names and duplicate detector names fail before configuration changes apply.
+  Recursive scans report skipped symlinks and unreadable entries as incomplete coverage.
+- `--scan-lockfiles` includes lockfiles without removing the default checksum-noise policy.
+- Pre-push hooks and the GitHub Action fail on incomplete coverage.
+  Reinstall hooks to use the changed template.
+- Reports identify the scanner version and effective detector definitions.
+  SARIF locations percent-encode filename characters.
+- A labeled synthetic credential corpus and a repeatable workload benchmark protect detection and coverage contracts.
+
 ## [3.0.0] - 2026-09-14
 
 ### Breaking changes
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 33d595c..d95db5c 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,318 +1,135 @@
 # KeyWatch
 
-KeyWatch scans files, directories, and git repositories for secrets such as API keys, tokens, passwords, and private keys.
-It runs as a command-line tool, as a git hook, as a GitHub Action, and as a container image.
+KeyWatch scans files and Git repositories for API keys, passwords, tokens, and private keys.
+You can run it from the command line, Git hooks, GitHub Actions, or a container.
 
 ## Install
 
-Install with cargo:
-
 ```sh
 cargo install key-watch
-key-watch --version
-```
-
-Or download a binary from GitHub Releases, place it on your `PATH`, and make it executable:
-
-```sh
-mkdir -p ~/.local/bin
-mv ~/Downloads/key-watch ~/.local/bin/key-watch
-chmod +x ~/.local/bin/key-watch
-~/.local/bin/key-watch --version
 ```
 
-Building from source requires Rust 1.85 or later.
+You can also download a binary from [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/pixincreate/KeyWatch/releases) and put it on your `PATH`.
+To build from source, use Rust 1.85 or later.
 
-The command is `key-watch`.
-To use the shorter aliases `keywatch` and `kw`, add this line to your shell configuration file:
+## Scan
 
 ```sh
-eval "$(key-watch init bash)"   # or: zsh, fish, posix
+key-watch scan .                                      # Scan a directory
+key-watch scan secrets.txt                            # Scan a file
+key-watch scan --staged                               # Scan staged changes
+key-watch scan --git-history                          # Scan local Git history
+key-watch scan --git-history --rev-range main..HEAD    # Scan a commit range
+cat secrets.txt | key-watch scan --stdin               # Scan standard input
 ```
 
-## Scan from the command line
-
-Scan a file, a directory, or standard input:
-
-```sh
-key-watch scan secrets.txt          # one file
-key-watch scan .                    # a directory tree
-cat secrets.txt | key-watch scan --stdin
-```
+KeyWatch prints each finding with its file and line number.
+Console output always redacts matched text.
+Reports redact matched text unless you pass `--show-secrets`.
 
-Scan a git repository:
+Write a report with:
 
 ```sh
-key-watch scan --staged             # only the lines staged for commit
-key-watch scan --git-history        # every commit on every branch
-key-watch scan --git-history --rev-range abc123..def456   # a commit range
+key-watch scan . --output report.json
+key-watch scan . --format sarif --output report.sarif
 ```
 
-Control the output:
-
-```sh
-key-watch scan . --verbose               # print the full JSON report
-key-watch scan . --output report.json    # write the report to a file
-key-watch scan . --format sarif --output report.sarif   # write SARIF to a file
-```
-
-By default, KeyWatch prints one line per finding with the file, line number, and a redacted preview.
-Reports never contain the full matched text unless you pass `--show-secrets`.
-
-### Scan options
-
-| Option                    | Purpose                                                                                                           |
-| ------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `--exclude <patterns>`    | Skip paths that match these comma-separated glob patterns                                                         |
-| `--exit-mode <mode>`      | `strict` fails on any finding (default), `critical` fails only on HIGH or CRITICAL findings, `always` never fails |
-| `--fail-on-unscannable`   | Fail when a file or directory could not be read; applies in `strict` exit mode and not with `--update-baseline`   |
-| `--baseline <path>`       | Use a specific baseline file                                                                                      |
-| `--no-baseline-discovery` | Do not look for a baseline file automatically                                                                     |
-| `--update-baseline`       | Record the current findings in the baseline instead of reporting them                                             |
-| `--prune-baseline`        | With `--update-baseline`, also remove baseline entries that no longer match anything                              |
-| `--config <path>`         | Use a specific `.keywatch.toml` configuration file                                                                |
-| `--trusted-detectors`     | Ignore a `detectors.toml` supplied by the scanned repository; use only built-in or operator rules                 |
-| `--no-repo-config`        | Do not look for `.keywatch.toml` in the scanned tree; an explicit `--config` still loads                          |
-| `--no-config-discovery`   | Shorthand for `--trusted-detectors` plus `--no-repo-config`; the installed hooks pass it                          |
-| `--show-secrets`          | Include the full matched text in reports                                                                          |
-| `--max-file-size <MB>`    | Skip files larger than this size and report them as unscannable                                                   |
-
-Notes:
-
-- Lock files such as `Cargo.lock`, `package-lock.json`, `pnpm-lock.yaml`, and `yarn.lock` are always skipped.
-  They contain checksums, not credentials.
-- `--staged` reads the content you staged with `git add`, not the files on disk.
-  A secret that is staged but already removed from the working copy is still found.
-  A secret whose lines were staged in separate commits can span change hunks the diff never shows together; run `key-watch scan .` on the tree to catch that case.
-- `--git-history` scans every branch and tag.
-  Use `--rev-range` to scan only a range of commits.
-- A scan path that does not exist, is a symbolic link, or cannot be read is an error.
-  The scan never reports a clean result for input it could not read.
-- Files that start with a UTF-16 byte-order mark are decoded and scanned.
-  Other files that contain NUL bytes are treated as binary and reported as unscannable.
-- Base64 runs of 24 or more characters are decoded, and the decoded text is scanned as well.
-  An encoded credential is reported at the line that contains it.
-- GitHub tokens are checked against their built-in checksum, so lookalike strings do not appear in results.
-
 ### Exit codes
 
-| Code | Meaning                                                           |
-| ---- | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| 0    | No secrets found, or `--exit-mode always`                         |
-| 1    | Secrets found, or an unreadable file with `--fail-on-unscannable` |
-| 2    | Invalid input, configuration error, or runtime error              |
-
-## Git hooks
-
-KeyWatch installs two git hooks:
+- `0`: The scan passes your finding policy.
+- `1`: The scan finds a secret, or coverage is incomplete with `--fail-on-unscannable`.
+- `2`: The command has an input, configuration, or runtime error.
 
-- The **pre-commit** hook scans the lines you staged.
-  A secret in staged content blocks the commit.
-  Findings in lines you did not change never block a commit.
-- The **pre-push** hook scans the commits you are about to push.
-  It runs in `critical` exit mode, so HIGH and CRITICAL findings block the push; MEDIUM and LOW findings are reported but do not block.
-  Uncommitted files never block a push.
+The default policy fails on any finding.
+Use `--exit-mode critical` to fail only on HIGH or CRITICAL findings.
+For CI, add `--fail-on-unscannable` so skipped inputs also fail the scan.
 
-Install and remove hooks inside a repository:
+### Limits
 
-```sh
-key-watch hook install pre-commit
-key-watch hook install pre-push
-key-watch hook uninstall pre-commit
-key-watch hook uninstall pre-push
-```
-
-Add `--global` to install or remove a hook for every repository on the machine:
-
-```sh
-key-watch hook install pre-commit --global
-key-watch hook uninstall pre-commit --global
-```
-
-### Hook options
+- Git scans inspect changes, not complete repository snapshots.
+  History scans need complete local history.
+- Lockfiles are skipped by default.
+  Add `--scan-lockfiles` to include them.
+- Each input is limited to 16 MiB, and each line to 1 MiB.
+  Binary files and skipped symbolic links make coverage incomplete.
+- Finding and path limits can stop large scans with an error.
 
-| Option                   | Applies to | Purpose                                     |
-| ------------------------ | ---------- | ------------------------------------------- |
-| `--exclude <patterns>`   | pre-commit | Skip staged paths that match these patterns |
-| `--allowed-repos <urls>` | pre-push   | Allow pushes only to these repositories     |
-| `--blocked-repos <urls>` | pre-push   | Block pushes to these repositories          |
+## Handle false positives
 
-### How hooks behave
-
-- Hooks always use the built-in detector rules.
-  A repository cannot weaken its own scan by committing a modified detector file.
-- Hooks respect a committed baseline file and `keywatch:ignore` markers.
-- KeyWatch refuses to overwrite or remove a hook file it did not install.
-- The first push of a branch scans the full history of that branch, because every commit on it is new to the remote.
-  If that push reports old findings, record them in the baseline first.
-- A global install sets `core.hooksPath` in your git configuration.
-  Git then ignores each repository's own `.git/hooks` scripts.
-  To keep a repository's own hooks instead, run `git config core.hooksPath .git/hooks` inside that repository.
-  The KeyWatch hook then no longer runs there.
-
-## Baselines
-
-A baseline records findings you have reviewed and accepted, so later scans report only new findings.
-The baseline file stores fingerprints of the findings, never the secrets themselves, and is safe to commit.
+Review findings before you accept them in a baseline:
 
 ```sh
-# Record the current findings
 key-watch scan . --update-baseline
-
-# Later scans report only new findings
-key-watch scan .
 ```
 
-KeyWatch finds a committed `.keywatch-baseline.json` automatically.
-You do not need to pass `--baseline` on every scan.
+Later scans use `.keywatch-baseline.json` automatically.
+The baseline stores hashes, but weak values can still be guessed from them.
 
-## Ignore a single line
-
-Add `keywatch:ignore` to a line to suppress findings on that line:
+To ignore one line, add `keywatch:ignore`:
 
 ```sh
 password = 'known-test-password' # keywatch:ignore
 ```
 
-## Configuration
+## Configure
 
-Place a `.keywatch.toml` file in the repository root to add rules, disable detectors, or exclude paths:
+Put a `.keywatch.toml` file in your repository root:
 
 ```toml
 exclude = ["target/**"]
 
-[[rules]]
-name = "InternalToken"
-pattern = "INT_[A-Za-z0-9]{32}"
-finding_type = "Internal Token"
-severity = "HIGH"
-
 [overrides.EmailDetector]
 enabled = false
 ```
 
-Unknown keys in the configuration file are rejected, so a misspelled key cannot silently weaken a scan.
+You can also add custom rules.
+Run `key-watch scan --help` for all scan options.
+Use `--no-config-discovery` when you do not trust the repository's rules or configuration.
+This flag does not disable baselines or inline ignore markers.
 
-## GitHub Action
+## Git hooks
 
-```yaml
-name: Secret scan
+```sh
+key-watch hook install pre-commit
+key-watch hook install pre-push
+```
 
-on:
-  pull_request:
-  push:
+The pre-commit hook scans staged changes.
+The pre-push hook scans pushed commits and blocks HIGH or CRITICAL findings and incomplete coverage.
+Use `hook uninstall` to remove a hook.
 
-permissions:
-  contents: read
+## GitHub Action
 
+```yaml
 jobs:
-  keywatch:
+  secrets:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v7
-      - id: keywatch
-        uses: pixincreate/KeyWatch@v3
+      - uses: pixincreate/KeyWatch@v3
         with:
           paths: "."
-          exit-mode: strict
 ```
 
-The Action installs a released KeyWatch binary, verifies its checksum, and writes a JSON report.
-It supports Linux x64 and macOS runners.
-Pin an exact release tag or commit SHA when you need a fixed version.
-
-| Input       | Default                | Purpose                                                              |
-| ----------- | ---------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `version`   | Action release version | Exact KeyWatch release to install                                    |
-| `paths`     | `.`                    | Space-separated paths or globs to scan                               |
-| `args`      | empty                  | Extra scanner arguments; Action-managed options cannot be overridden |
-| `exit-mode` | `strict`               | `strict`, `critical`, or `always`                                    |
-| `output`    | temporary file         | Path for the JSON report                                             |
-| `config`    | empty                  | Path to a trusted `.keywatch.toml`                                   |
-| `verbose`   | `false`                | Deprecated; enabling it is rejected to keep secrets out of logs      |
-
-The Action exposes `findings-count` and `exit-code` as step outputs.
-
-## Container image
-
-```sh
-docker pull ghcr.io/pixincreate/keywatch:3
-docker run --rm --volume "$PWD:/workspace:ro" ghcr.io/pixincreate/keywatch:3 scan .
-```
-
-Images are tagged `x.y.z`, `x.y`, `x`, and `latest`.
-Use an exact version tag for reproducible results.
-The image runs as a non-root user.
-
-## Uninstall
-
-If you installed with cargo:
-
-```sh
-cargo uninstall key-watch
-```
+The Action downloads a released binary, not the source in your checkout.
+See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) for release changes.
 
-If you installed a binary manually, delete it from your `PATH` directory:
+## Container
 
 ```sh
-rm -f ~/.local/bin/key-watch
+docker run --rm -v "$PWD:/workspace:ro" ghcr.io/pixincreate/keywatch:3 scan .
 ```
 
-In both cases, remove the `key-watch init` line from your shell configuration file if you added one.
-
-## Architecture
-
-KeyWatch is a single Rust binary.
-`main.rs` starts the program and maps every validation, configuration, or runtime failure to exit code 2.
-Scans exit with code 0 or 1.
-Separate modules own detector loading, scanning, baselines, reports, and hooks.
-
-### Modules and adapters
-
-![KeyWatch CLI module and adapter architecture](docs/architecture/cli-modules.svg)
-
-Green boxes are internal modules.
-Blue boxes are entry and output boundaries.
-Yellow boxes are external adapters such as git and the installed hook scripts, which call `key-watch scan` themselves.
-
-### Scan pipeline
-
-![KeyWatch scan pipeline](docs/architecture/scan-pipeline.svg)
-
-Path scans collect files and scan them in parallel.
-Stdin and git-based scans stream their input in overlapping chunks.
-`--update-baseline` writes the baseline instead of producing a report.
-
-### Detector and configuration trust
-
-![KeyWatch detector and configuration trust boundaries](docs/architecture/detector-config-trust.svg)
-
-Detector rules and repository configuration are separate systems.
-External detector sources take precedence, and the compiled-in rules are the fallback.
-Trusted scans ignore files supplied by the scanned repository but still honor explicit configuration and operator-supplied detector sources.
-
-### Core data types
-
-- **Detector** — one named rule: pattern, finding type, severity, optional keywords, entropy threshold, allowlist, and validator.
-- **Finding** — one detected secret: file path, line number, finding type, severity, matched content, and the detector that produced it.
-- **Severity** — `Critical`, `High`, `Medium`, `Low`.
-- **KeywatchConfig** — parsed `.keywatch.toml`: custom rules, per-detector overrides, and exclude patterns.
-- **Baseline** — versioned fingerprint entries that filter out known findings.
-- **ScanMetadata** — files scanned, total lines, and skipped files, reported alongside findings.
-
-The diagram sources are in `docs/architecture/*.d2`.
-After editing them, run `scripts/render-diagrams.sh render` with D2 v0.7.1, or `scripts/render-diagrams.sh check` to detect stale images.
-
 ## Development
 
 ```sh
-cargo build --release
-cargo test
-cargo fmt
-cargo clippy
+cargo test --all-features --all-targets
+cargo fmt --check
+cargo clippy --all-targets -- -D warnings
 ```
 
 ## License
 
-KeyWatch is licensed under the GPL-3.0-only license.
-See [LICENSE](LICENSE).
+[GPL-3.0-only](LICENSE).
diff --git a/action.yml b/action.yml
index 4fefc8e..3c0eee5 100644
--- a/action.yml
+++ b/action.yml
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ runs:
         if ((${#extra_args[@]})); then
           for arg in "${extra_args[@]}"; do
             case "$arg" in
-              --verbose|--verbose=*|-v*|--format|--format=*|-f|-f*|--output|--output=*|-o|-o*|--exit-mode|--exit-mode=*|--config|--config=*|--no-config-discovery|--no-config-discovery=*)
+              --verbose|--verbose=*|-v*|--format|--format=*|-f|-f*|--output|--output=*|-o|-o*|--exit-mode|--exit-mode=*|--config|--config=*|--no-config-discovery|--no-config-discovery=*|--fail-on-unscannable|--fail-on-unscannable=*)
                 echo "ERROR: '$arg' is managed by action inputs and cannot be passed through args" >&2
                 exit 1
                 ;;
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ runs:
           mkdir -p "$(dirname -- "$report_path")"
         fi
 
-        keywatch_args=(scan --no-config-discovery)
+        keywatch_args=(scan --no-config-discovery --fail-on-unscannable)
         keywatch_args+=(--exit-mode "$INPUT_EXIT_MODE")
         if [ -n "$INPUT_CONFIG" ]; then
           keywatch_args+=(--config "$INPUT_CONFIG")
@@ -288,6 +288,10 @@ runs:
         fi
 
         action_status=$scan_status
+        if [ "$report_status" = "ok" ] && [ "$scan_status" -eq 0 ] && jq -e '.coverage == "INCOMPLETE" or ((.unscannable.count // 0) > 0)' "$report_path" >/dev/null; then
+          echo "ERROR: Scan coverage is incomplete" >&2
+          action_status=1
+        fi
         if [ "$report_status" != "ok" ] && [ "$scan_status" -eq 0 ]; then
           echo "ERROR: KeyWatch exited successfully but the JSON report is $report_status" >&2
           action_status=2
diff --git a/detectors.toml b/detectors.toml
index 94630a8..dd11f0c 100644
--- a/detectors.toml
+++ b/detectors.toml
@@ -86,6 +86,11 @@ pattern = "\\beyJ[A-Za-z0-9-_=]+\\.eyJ[A-Za-z0-9-_=]+\\.?[A-Za-z0-9-_.+/=]*\\b"
 finding_type = "JWT Token"
 severity = "MEDIUM"
 keywords = ["eyJ"]
+# Test fixtures replace the signature with a short placeholder
+# (ZHVtbXlfc2lnbmF0dXJl is "dummy_signature"). A real HS256 signature is 43
+# base64url chars and an RS256 signature is longer, so a final segment of 32
+# characters or fewer is padding, not a signature.
+allowlist = ["\\.[A-Za-z0-9_-]{1,32}$"]
 
 [[detectors]]
 name = "SSHPrivateKeyDetector"
@@ -102,29 +107,38 @@ severity = "HIGH"
 
 [[detectors]]
 name = "PasswordDetector"
-pattern = "(?i)(password|passwd|pwd)\\s*[:=]\\s*(?-i)[\"']?([^\"'\\n]+)[\"']?"
+# Each value branch captures the complete value. Typed Rust assignments must
+# match the literal after `=`, not the type annotation before it.
+pattern = '''(?i)(?:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*(?::[ \t]*&[ \t]*(?:'[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*[ \t]+)?str[ \t]*=|[:=])[ \t]*(?-i)(?:"((?:\\[^\r\n]|[^"\\\r\n])*)"|'((?:\\[^\r\n]|[^'\\\r\n])*)'|(\$\{\{[^\r\n]*)|([^\s"'`;,\r\n]+)(?:[ \t]*;)?)'''
 finding_type = "Password"
 severity = "HIGH"
 keywords = ["password", "passwd", "pwd"]
 # $PWD is the shell working-directory variable (docker --volume "$PWD:...",
 # Makefiles), never a password literal.
 allowlist = [
-  "^\\$?PWD:",
+  "^\\$PWD:",
+  # Only a complete, unquoted secret reference is exempt. Literal suffixes
+  # and fallback values remain part of the match and must report.
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*[:=][ \t]*\$\{\{[ \t]*secrets\.[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*[ \t]*\}\}[ \t]*$''',
   # Rust expressions are plumbing, not literals: type paths (`Secret::new`),
   # generics (`Secret<String>`), constructor calls (`Some(...)`) and field or
   # method access (`config.password.clone()`). Quoted literals and bare
   # alphanumeric values stay reported.
-  "[:=]\\s*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*(?:::[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)+",
-  "[:=]\\s*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*<[^\"'\\n]*>",
-  "[:=]\\s*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\\([^\"'\\n]*\\)",
-  "[:=]\\s*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\\.[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*",
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*(?::[ \t]*&[ \t]*(?:'[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*[ \t]+)?str[ \t]*=|[:=])[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*(?:::[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)+$''',
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*(?::[ \t]*&[ \t]*(?:'[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*[ \t]+)?str[ \t]*=|[:=])[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*<[^"'\s]*>$''',
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*(?::[ \t]*&[ \t]*(?:'[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*[ \t]+)?str[ \t]*=|[:=])[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\([^"'\s]*\)$''',
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*(?::[ \t]*&[ \t]*(?:'[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*[ \t]+)?str[ \t]*=|[:=])[ \t]*[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*(?:\.[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*(?:\([^"'\s]*\))?)+$''',
   # A bare CamelCase value is a Rust type (`password: String,`), matching the
   # GenericKeyValueDetector rule. Digits or symbols keep it reported.
-  "[:=]\\s*[A-Z][a-z]+(?:[A-Z][a-z]*)*\\b",
-  # Placeholder values in templates and .env.example files. Case-sensitive
-  # (placeholders are lowercase by convention) and shape-checked: a mixed
-  # value like "ReplaceThisRealSecret123" does not match and stays reported.
-  "[=:\"]?\\s*(changeme|changeit|your(-[a-z0-9]+)+|replace(-[a-z0-9]+)+|placeholder|dummy|xxxxx+)",
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*(?::[ \t]*&[ \t]*(?:'[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*[ \t]+)?str[ \t]*=|[:=])[ \t]*[A-Z][a-z]+(?:[A-Z][a-z]*)*$''',
+  # Suppress only complete, selected documentation placeholders.
+  # Extended values such as `dummy7!` must still report.
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*(?::[ \t]*&[ \t]*(?:'[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*[ \t]+)?str[ \t]*=|[:=])[ \t]*(?:"(?:changeme|changeit|your-api-key-here|replace-me-please|placeholder|dummy|xxxxx)"|'(?:changeme|changeit|your-api-key-here|replace-me-please|placeholder|dummy|xxxxx)'|(?:changeme|changeit|your-api-key-here|replace-me-please|placeholder|dummy|xxxxx))$''',
+  # Match empty literals completely before suppressing them.
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*(?::[ \t]*&[ \t]*(?:'[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*[ \t]+)?str[ \t]*=|[:=])[ \t]*(?:""|'')$''',
+  # Proto field numbers and Rust parameter types do not hold literals.
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*[:=][ \t]*\d+[ \t]*;$''',
+  '''^(?i:password|passwd|\$?pwd)["']?[ \t]*[:=][ \t]*&str\)?$''',
 ]
 
 [[detectors]]
@@ -141,6 +155,10 @@ allowlist = [
   "^noreply@",
   "^no-reply@",
   "@users\\.noreply\\.github\\.com$",
+  # Placeholder local parts and the test.com domain, seen throughout checked-in
+  # fixtures. Real people at gmail.com or a company domain stay reported.
+  "^example@",
+  "@test\\.com$",
 ]
 
 [[detectors]]
@@ -148,6 +166,10 @@ name = "IPAddressDetector"
 pattern = "\\b(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|1\\d{2}|[1-9]?\\d)\\.(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|1\\d{2}|[1-9]?\\d)\\.(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|1\\d{2}|[1-9]?\\d)\\.(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4]\\d|1\\d{2}|[1-9]?\\d)\\b"
 finding_type = "IP Address"
 severity = "LOW"
+# Loopback and the wildcard bind address are configuration, not credentials.
+# Other private and public addresses (10.x, 192.168.x, arbitrary postman
+# payloads) stay reported.
+allowlist = ["^127\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}\\.\\d{1,3}$", "^0\\.0\\.0\\.0$"]
 
 [[detectors]]
 name = "PhoneNumberDetector"
@@ -160,19 +182,6 @@ severity = "LOW"
 # allowlist matches the whole number rather than just the exchange.
 allowlist = ["^(?:\\+1[-.\\s]?)?\\(?\\d{3}\\)?[-.\\s]*555-01\\d{2}$"]
 
-[[detectors]]
-name = "CreditCardDetector"
-# Issuer prefixes (Visa/Mastercard/Amex/Discover/UnionPay) in 4-digit groups,
-# including Discover's 644-649 and 65 ranges. The old "any 13-16 digits with
-# arbitrary spaces" shape matched commit hashes, timestamps and ids, and even
-# spanned the gap between two unrelated numbers ("index aabbcc0..1111111
-# 100644"). Luhn on its own does not fix that: roughly one in ten random
-# digit runs satisfies it.
-pattern = "\\b(?:4\\d{3}|5[1-5]\\d{2}|2[2-7]\\d{2}|6011|64[4-9]\\d{2}|65\\d{2}|3[47]\\d{2})[ -]?\\d{4}[ -]?\\d{4}[ -]?\\d{1,4}\\b"
-validate = "luhn"
-finding_type = "Credit Card Number"
-severity = "HIGH"
-
 [[detectors]]
 name = "SSNDetector"
 pattern = "\\b\\d{3}-\\d{2}-\\d{4}\\b"
@@ -185,13 +194,15 @@ keywords = ["ssn", "social security", "social_security", "social-security"]
 
 [[detectors]]
 name = "GenericKeyValueDetector"
-pattern = "(?i)(api_?key|secret|password|token|access_?key|security_?key|_key|credential|auth)\\s*[:=]\\s*(?-i)[\"']?([a-zA-Z0-9\\-_=]{10,})[\"']?"
+# Quoted branches require a closing quote. Include the full token alphabet
+# so `/` and `+` do not truncate the value used for baseline identity.
+pattern = '''(?i)(?:api_?key|secret|password|token|access_?key|security_?key|_key|credential|auth)["']?[ \t]*[:=][ \t]*(?-i)(?:"([-A-Za-z0-9_/+=]{10,})"|'([-A-Za-z0-9_/+=]{10,})'|([-A-Za-z0-9_/+=]{10,}))'''
 finding_type = "Generic Key/Secret"
 severity = "HIGH"
 # Every pattern alternative needs a covering keyword: without "auth" and
 # "_key" here, `auth = ...` and `encryption_key = ...` lines never reached
 # the regex at all.
-keywords = ["api_key", "secret", "password", "token", "access_key", "credential", "auth", "_key"]
+keywords = ["api_key", "apikey", "secret", "password", "token", "access_key", "accesskey", "securitykey", "credential", "auth", "_key"]
 entropy = 2.5
 # An unquoted, all-lowercase snake_case value is a variable reference, not a
 # credential: `let payment_method_token = card_token;` reads identically to
@@ -201,19 +212,26 @@ entropy = 2.5
 # A bare CamelCase value (no digits, no symbols) is a Rust type path in a
 # field declaration (`token: PaymentTokenData,`), not a credential either.
 allowlist = [
-  "[:=]\\s*[a-z]+(?:_[a-z]+)+$",
-  "[:=]\\s*[A-Z][a-z]+(?:[A-Z][a-z]*)*$",
-  # Placeholder values in templates and .env.example files (case-sensitive:
-  # mixed-case shapes are plausibly real weak credentials).
-  "[=:]\\s*[\"']?(changeme|changeit|your(-[a-z0-9]+)+|replace(-[a-z0-9]+)+|placeholder|dummy|xxxxx+)",
-  # The AWS documentation example secret; its slash stops this pattern's
-  # value class, so only the leading fragment is visible in the match.
-  "wJalrXUtnFEMI",
+  "^[^:=]+[:=]\\s*[a-z]+(?:_[a-z]+)+$",
+  "^[^:=]+[:=]\\s*[A-Z][a-z]+(?:[A-Z][a-z]*)*$",
+  # Suppress only complete, selected documentation placeholders.
+  '''^[^:=]+[:=][ \t]*(?:"(?:changeme|changeit|your-api-key-here|replace-me-please|placeholder|dummy|xxxxx)"|'(?:changeme|changeit|your-api-key-here|replace-me-please|placeholder|dummy|xxxxx)'|(?:changeme|changeit|your-api-key-here|replace-me-please|placeholder|dummy|xxxxx))$''',
+  # Match the complete AWS documentation example, not a shared prefix.
+  '''^[^:=]+[:=][ \t]*(?:"wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY"|'wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY'|wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY)$''',
+  # Unquoted code references remain heuristics. Quoted snake-case and
+  # kebab-case values can hold credentials and must not borrow these rules.
+  "^[^:=]+[:=]\\s*_*[a-z][a-z0-9]*(?:_[a-z][a-z0-9]*)+$",
+  "^[^:=]+[:=]\\s*[a-z]{10,}$",
+  "^[^:=]+[:=]\\s*[a-z][a-z]*(?:[A-Z][a-z]*)+$",
+  "^[^:=]+[:=]\\s*[A-Z][A-Z0-9]*(?:_+[A-Z0-9]+)+$",
 ]
 
 [[detectors]]
 name = "CertificateDetector"
-pattern = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----"
+# A PEM block in source starts its line or directly follows a string quote;
+# a mention inside prose (a doc comment that describes the header) does not
+# start a certificate.
+pattern = "(?:^\\s*|[\"'\x60])-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----"
 finding_type = "Certificate"
 severity = "LOW"
 keywords = ["BEGIN CERTIFICATE"]
@@ -239,7 +257,18 @@ finding_type = "Base64 Encoded String"
 severity = "LOW"
 entropy = 4.2
 # The AWS documentation example secret pairs with the example access key.
-allowlist = ["^wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY$"]
+# Beyond that: CamelCase prose identifiers (PaymentMethodServiceEligibility-
+# Request) are word runs, not random data; eyJ/ZXlK prefixes mark base64
+# encoded JSON, a signature or fixture shape rather than a credential; a
+# dotted or slashed alphanumeric path is a language/type descriptor
+# (com/michaelkeevildown/..., Ljava/security/MessageDigest). Random base64
+# with a plus sign, padding or mixed word-less shape stays reported.
+allowlist = [
+  "^wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY$",
+  "^[A-Z][a-z]+(?:[A-Z][a-z]*)+$",
+  "^(?:eyJ|ZXlK)[A-Za-z0-9+/]*={0,2}$",
+  "^L?[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9]*(?:/[A-Za-z0-9]+){2,};?$",
+]
 
 [[detectors]]
 name = "HighEntropyDetector"
@@ -277,7 +306,7 @@ name = "PaymentGatewayKeyDetector"
 pattern = "\\b(?:api_?key|secret)_(?:test|live)_[0-9a-zA-Z]{10,}\\b"
 finding_type = "Generic Payment Gateway Key"
 severity = "HIGH"
-keywords = ["api_key_test", "api_key_live", "secret_test", "secret_live"]
+keywords = ["api_key_test", "api_key_live", "apikey_test", "apikey_live", "secret_test", "secret_live"]
 
 [[detectors]]
 name = "RandomString"
@@ -292,7 +321,19 @@ allowlist = [
   "^\"[a-z]+(?:_[a-z]+)+\"$",
   # npm/shield-style checksum strings carry their algorithm prefix inside
   # the quotes, so the prefix is visible in the match.
-  "^\"sha(256|384|512)-",
+  "(?i)^\"sha-?(?:256|384|512)(?:-|=)",
+  # Quoted identifiers, test names and enum values: kebab-case topics,
+  # camelCase and PascalCase names, SCREAMING_SNAKE codes, single lowercase
+  # words and UUIDs. Generated secrets mix digits, symbols or case in shapes
+  # these rules do not cover.
+  "^\"[A-Za-z]+(?:-[A-Za-z0-9]+)+\"$",
+  "^\"[A-Za-z][a-z]*(?:[A-Z][a-z]*)+\"$",
+  "^\"[A-Z][A-Z0-9]*(?:_+[A-Z0-9]+)+\"$",
+  "^\"[a-z]+\"$",
+  "^\"[0-9a-z]{8}-(?:[0-9a-z]{4}-){3}[0-9a-z]{12}\"$",
+  # Quoted hex digests and base64-encoded JSON payloads from fixtures.
+  "^\"[a-f0-9]{40,}\"$",
+  "^\"(?:eyJ|ZXlK)[A-Za-z0-9+/]*={0,2}\"$",
 ]
 
 
@@ -378,7 +419,7 @@ keywords = ["AccountKey", "DefaultEndpointsProtocol"]
 
 [[detectors]]
 name = "MongoDBConnectionStringDetector"
-pattern = "mongodb(?:\\+srv)?://[^:]+:[^@]+@[^/]+"
+pattern = '''mongodb(?:\+srv)?://[^:/@?#"'`\s\\]+:[^/@?#"'`\s\\]+@(?:\[[0-9A-Fa-f:.]+\]|[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+)(?::[0-9]+)?'''
 finding_type = "MongoDB Connection String"
 severity = "HIGH"
 keywords = ["mongodb://", "mongodb+srv://"]
@@ -902,7 +943,7 @@ name = "ServiceAccountKeyDetector"
 pattern = "(?i)service[_\\-]?account[_\\-]?key[\\s'\":=]+[\"']?([a-zA-Z0-9\\-_]{20,})[\"']?"
 finding_type = "Service Account Key"
 severity = "HIGH"
-keywords = ["service_account"]
+keywords = ["service_account", "service-account", "serviceaccount"]
 
 [[detectors]]
 name = "MasterAPIKeyDetector"
diff --git a/scripts/action_validation/keywatch_action_scenarios.py b/scripts/action_validation/keywatch_action_scenarios.py
index c02fe4c..9f2caae 100644
--- a/scripts/action_validation/keywatch_action_scenarios.py
+++ b/scripts/action_validation/keywatch_action_scenarios.py
@@ -140,6 +140,8 @@ def write_keywatch_stub(bin_dir: Path) -> None:
         "  if [ \"$1\" = \"--output\" ]; then shift; out=\"$1\"; fi\n"
         "  shift || true\ndone\ncase \"$KEYWATCH_REPORT_MODE\" in\n"
         "  valid) printf '%s\\n' '{\"findings\":[{},{}]}' > \"$out\" ;;\n"
+        "  incomplete) printf '%s\\n' '{\"findings\":[],\"coverage\":\"INCOMPLETE\"}' > \"$out\" ;;\n"
+        "  legacy-incomplete) printf '%s\\n' '{\"findings\":[],\"unscannable\":{\"count\":1}}' > \"$out\" ;;\n"
         "  malformed) printf '%s\\n' 'not-json' > \"$out\" ;;\n  missing) ;;\n  *) exit 99 ;;\nesac\n"
         "exit \"$KEYWATCH_STUB_EXIT\"\n",
     )
@@ -155,7 +157,7 @@ def run_scan_scenarios(scan_block: str) -> None:
             "valid",
             0,
             ("exit_code=0", "findings_count=2"),
-            ("--no-config-discovery", "scan/match.txt"),
+            ("--no-config-discovery", "--fail-on-unscannable", "scan/match.txt"),
             ("scan/*.txt", "--verbose"),
         ),
         ScanScenario(
@@ -176,6 +178,9 @@ def run_scan_scenarios(scan_block: str) -> None:
         ScanScenario("verbose-compact-short-rejected", ".", "-vv", 0, "valid", 1, expected_stderr=("managed by action inputs",)),
         ScanScenario("verbose-mode-long-allowed", ".", "--verbose-mode", 0, "valid", 0, expected_capture=("--verbose-mode",)),
         ScanScenario("scanner-nonzero-propagates", ".", "", 1, "valid", 1, ("exit_code=1", "findings_count=2")),
+        ScanScenario("incomplete-coverage-blocks", ".", "", 0, "incomplete", 1, ("exit_code=1", "findings_count=0")),
+        ScanScenario("legacy-incomplete-blocks", ".", "", 0, "legacy-incomplete", 1, ("exit_code=1", "findings_count=0")),
+        ScanScenario("coverage-override-rejected", ".", "--fail-on-unscannable=false", 0, "valid", 1, expected_stderr=("managed by action inputs",)),
         ScanScenario(
             "missing-report-zero-fails",
             ".",
diff --git a/scripts/action_validation/validate.py b/scripts/action_validation/validate.py
index 5465287..12bf5bb 100644
--- a/scripts/action_validation/validate.py
+++ b/scripts/action_validation/validate.py
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ def main() -> int:
         require(fragment not in shell, f"forbidden shell fragment remains: {fragment}")
 
     require("${{ inputs." not in shell, "inputs must be routed through step env, not run blocks")
-    require("keywatch_args=(scan --no-config-discovery)" in shell, "Action scans must disable untrusted config discovery")
+    require("keywatch_args=(scan --no-config-discovery --fail-on-unscannable)" in shell, "Action scans must disable untrusted config discovery and fail on incomplete coverage")
     require("keywatch_args+=(--config \"$INPUT_CONFIG\")" in shell, "explicit trusted config input must be supported")
     require("read -r -a paths" in shell, "paths input must be parsed without shell evaluation")
     require("compgen -G \"$path_token\"" in shell, "path globs must expand without shell evaluation")
diff --git a/scripts/benchmark.py b/scripts/benchmark.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d05522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/benchmark.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+"""Measure synthetic scan workloads without keeping generated fixtures."""
+
+import argparse
+import json
+import re
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import time
+from pathlib import Path
+
+
+def measure(binary: Path, directory: Path, name: str, args: list[str]) -> dict:
+    command = [str(binary), "scan", "--no-config-discovery", "--no-baseline-discovery",
+               "--verbose", "--fail-on-unscannable", *args]
+    if sys.platform == "darwin":
+        command = ["/usr/bin/time", "-l", *command]
+    elif sys.platform.startswith("linux"):
+        command = ["/usr/bin/time", "-v", *command]
+    start = time.perf_counter()
+    result = subprocess.run(command, cwd=directory, capture_output=True, text=True, check=False)
+    elapsed = time.perf_counter() - start
+    report = json.loads(result.stdout)
+    peak = re.search(r"(\d+)\s+maximum resident set size", result.stderr)
+    linux_peak = re.search(r"Maximum resident set size \(kbytes\): (\d+)", result.stderr)
+    return {
+        "scenario": name,
+        "seconds": round(elapsed, 3),
+        "peak_rss_bytes": int(peak[1]) if peak else int(linux_peak[1]) * 1024 if linux_peak else None,
+        "exit_code": result.returncode,
+        "files_scanned": report["files_scanned"],
+        "coverage": report["coverage"],
+        "findings": len(report["findings"]),
+    }
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("binary", type=Path)
+    parser.add_argument("--files", type=int, default=2000)
+    parser.add_argument("--lines", type=int, default=200)
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+    if args.files < 1 or args.lines < 1:
+        parser.error("File and line counts must be positive")
+    binary = args.binary.resolve(strict=True)
+    results = []
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="keywatch-benchmark-") as temporary:
+        directory = Path(temporary)
+        tree = directory / "tree"
+        tree.mkdir()
+        content = "// ordinary fixture line\n" * args.lines
+        for index in range(args.files):
+            (tree / f"fixture-{index}.rs").write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+        results.append(measure(binary, directory, "many-small-files", ["tree"]))
+        (directory / "long-line.txt").write_text("x" * (1024 * 1024 + 1), encoding="utf-8")
+        results.append(measure(binary, directory, "oversized-line", ["long-line.txt"]))
+        (directory / "many-findings.txt").write_text("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP\n" * 10001, encoding="utf-8")
+        results.append(measure(binary, directory, "finding-budget", ["many-findings.txt"]))
+        (directory / "rejected.txt").write_text("ordinary\n" * 100000, encoding="utf-8")
+        (directory / "rule.toml").write_text("[[rules]]\nname = 'RejectedFixture'\nfinding_type = 'Fixture'\npattern = '\\n'\nallowlist = ['\\n']\n", encoding="utf-8")
+        results.append(measure(binary, directory, "rejected-multiline", ["rejected.txt", "--config", "rule.toml"]))
+    print(json.dumps({"platform": sys.platform, "files": args.files, "lines_per_file": args.lines, "results": results}, indent=2))
+    expected = [(0, "COMPLETE"), (1, "INCOMPLETE"), (1, "INCOMPLETE"), (0, "COMPLETE")]
+    if any((row["exit_code"], row["coverage"]) != expectation for row, expectation in zip(results, expected)):
+        raise SystemExit("A workload did not meet its coverage contract")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/src/baseline.rs b/src/baseline.rs
index 66fec3d..db84594 100644
--- a/src/baseline.rs
+++ b/src/baseline.rs
@@ -216,9 +216,11 @@ impl Baseline {
             .map_err(|source| BaselineError::Serialize { source })?;
         json.push('\n');
 
-        fs::write(path, json).map_err(|source| BaselineError::Write {
-            path: path.to_path_buf(),
-            source,
+        crate::utils::atomic_write(path, json.as_bytes()).map_err(|source| {
+            BaselineError::Write {
+                path: path.to_path_buf(),
+                source,
+            }
         })?;
 
         Ok(())
diff --git a/src/cli.rs b/src/cli.rs
index 957f3ef..0a9beb3 100644
--- a/src/cli.rs
+++ b/src/cli.rs
@@ -142,16 +142,18 @@ pub struct ScanArgs {
     /// --config still loads)
     #[arg(long, default_value_t = false)]
     pub no_repo_config: bool,
-    /// Exit 1 when any scanned file could not be read (Strict exit mode only;
-    /// not applied by --update-baseline)
+    /// Exit 1 when scan coverage is incomplete, in every exit mode
     #[arg(long, default_value_t = false)]
     pub fail_on_unscannable: bool,
     /// Output format for the report (json or sarif)
     #[arg(long, value_enum, default_value_t = OutputFormat::Json)]
     pub format: OutputFormat,
 
-    /// Skip files larger than this many megabytes and report them as
-    /// unscannable (default: no limit)
+    /// Include lockfiles that the default noise policy excludes
+    #[arg(long, default_value_t = false)]
+    pub scan_lockfiles: bool,
+
+    /// Lower the 16 MiB input ceiling and report larger inputs as unscannable
     #[arg(long, value_name = "MB", value_parser = clap::value_parser!(u64).range(1..))]
     pub max_file_size: Option<u64>,
 }
diff --git a/src/config.rs b/src/config.rs
index 157d5f5..ad25978 100644
--- a/src/config.rs
+++ b/src/config.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@ pub enum ConfigError {
     Invalid { source: toml::de::Error },
     #[error("custom rule '{name}': {source}")]
     CustomRule { name: String, source: DetectorError },
+    #[error("Unknown detector override '{name}'")]
+    UnknownOverride { name: String },
+    #[error("Duplicate detector name '{name}'")]
+    DuplicateDetector { name: String },
 }
 
 impl KeywatchConfig {
@@ -83,6 +87,27 @@ impl KeywatchConfig {
             }
         }
 
+        let mut names: std::collections::HashSet<&str> = detectors
+            .iter()
+            .map(|detector| detector.name.as_str())
+            .collect();
+        for detector in &staged_detectors {
+            if !names.insert(&detector.name) {
+                return Err(ConfigError::DuplicateDetector {
+                    name: detector.name.clone(),
+                });
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(overrides) = &self.overrides {
+            let mut override_names: Vec<_> = overrides.keys().collect();
+            override_names.sort();
+            for name in override_names {
+                if !names.contains(name.as_str()) {
+                    return Err(ConfigError::UnknownOverride { name: name.clone() });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         // Phase 2 — commit: all validation passed, mutate.
         detectors.extend(staged_detectors);
 
@@ -183,7 +208,8 @@ pub struct CustomRule {
     pub keywords: Option<Vec<String>>,
     /// Minimum Shannon entropy a match must reach to be reported.
     pub entropy: Option<f64>,
-    /// Extra structural check applied to each match, e.g. `validate = "luhn"`.
+    /// Extra structural check applied to each match, e.g.
+    /// `validate = "verhoeff"`.
     pub validate: Option<String>,
     /// Accepted for configuration compatibility and otherwise ignored; earlier
     /// releases parsed the key but never surfaced it.
diff --git a/src/config/tests/application.rs b/src/config/tests/application.rs
index 3e93768..96ae897 100644
--- a/src/config/tests/application.rs
+++ b/src/config/tests/application.rs
@@ -273,11 +273,11 @@ allowlist = ["ABCD-EFGH-JKLM"]
 entropy = 0.0
 
 [[rules]]
-name = "Luhnish"
-pattern = '\b[0-9]{13,16}\b'
-finding_type = "Cardish"
+name = "Verhoeffish"
+pattern = '\b[0-9]{12}\b'
+finding_type = "Idish"
 severity = "HIGH"
-validate = "luhn"
+validate = "verhoeff"
 "#;
     let config: KeywatchConfig = toml::from_str(toml).expect("parse config");
     let mut detectors = Vec::new();
@@ -305,16 +305,16 @@ validate = "luhn"
         "non-allowlisted code must be reported"
     );
 
-    let luhn = detectors
+    let verhoeff = detectors
         .iter()
-        .find(|d| d.name == "Luhnish")
-        .expect("Luhnish should exist");
+        .find(|d| d.name == "Verhoeffish")
+        .expect("Verhoeffish should exist");
     assert!(
-        !reported("card = 4111111111111112", luhn),
-        "Luhn-invalid match must be rejected"
+        !reported("id = 123456789012", verhoeff),
+        "Verhoeff-invalid match must be rejected"
     );
     assert!(
-        reported("card = 4111111111111111", luhn),
-        "Luhn-valid match must be reported"
+        reported("id = 100000000004", verhoeff),
+        "Verhoeff-valid match must be reported"
     );
 }
diff --git a/src/detector.rs b/src/detector.rs
index 151fac9..7656dac 100644
--- a/src/detector.rs
+++ b/src/detector.rs
@@ -37,16 +37,14 @@ pub enum DetectorError {
         detector: String,
         source: ParseValidatorError,
     },
+    #[error("entropy threshold in detector '{detector}' must be finite")]
+    InvalidEntropy { detector: String },
 }
 
 /// Extra structural check a detector can require of its matches, for
 /// patterns whose shape alone is too permissive.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub enum ContentValidator {
-    /// Payment card numbers carry a Luhn check digit. Without it, a 13-16
-    /// digit pattern matches every commit hash fragment, timestamp and
-    /// numeric id in a codebase.
-    Luhn,
     /// Aadhaar numbers carry a Verhoeff check digit. Without it, every
     /// 12-digit run (the tail of a UUID, a numeric id) reports HIGH.
     Verhoeff,
@@ -65,7 +63,6 @@ impl FromStr for ContentValidator {
 
     fn from_str(value: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
         match value.trim().to_lowercase().as_str() {
-            "luhn" => Ok(Self::Luhn),
             "verhoeff" => Ok(Self::Verhoeff),
             "supabase-service-role" => Ok(Self::SupabaseServiceRole),
             "github-token-checksum" => Ok(Self::GithubTokenChecksum),
@@ -261,25 +258,6 @@ mod github_checksum_tests {
     }
 }
 
-/// Luhn checksum, ignoring embedded separators.
-fn passes_luhn(matched: &str) -> bool {
-    let digits: Vec<u32> = matched.chars().filter_map(|c| c.to_digit(10)).collect();
-    if !(13..=19).contains(&digits.len()) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    let sum: u32 = digits
-        .iter()
-        .rev()
-        .enumerate()
-        .map(|(index, digit)| match index % 2 {
-            1 if *digit > 4 => digit * 2 - 9,
-            1 => digit * 2,
-            _ => *digit,
-        })
-        .sum();
-    sum % 10 == 0
-}
-
 pub struct Detector {
     pub name: String,
     pub regex: Regex,
@@ -312,6 +290,12 @@ impl Detector {
                 source,
             })?;
 
+        if entropy_threshold.is_some_and(|threshold| !threshold.is_finite()) {
+            return Err(DetectorError::InvalidEntropy {
+                detector: name.to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+
         let mut compiled_allowlist = Vec::new();
         for pattern in allowlist {
             let compiled =
@@ -347,7 +331,6 @@ impl Detector {
     /// Whether a match satisfies the detector's structural validator.
     pub fn passes_validation(&self, matched: &str) -> bool {
         match self.validator {
-            Some(ContentValidator::Luhn) => passes_luhn(matched),
             Some(ContentValidator::Verhoeff) => passes_verhoeff(matched),
             Some(ContentValidator::SupabaseServiceRole) => {
                 Self::passes_supabase_service_role(matched)
@@ -751,25 +734,13 @@ fn initialize_detectors_from_config(
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod accept_unit_tests {
-    use super::{Detector, passes_luhn, shannon_entropy};
+    use super::{Detector, shannon_entropy};
 
     fn detector(pattern: &str, keywords: &[&str]) -> Detector {
         let keywords: Vec<String> = keywords.iter().map(|k| k.to_string()).collect();
         Detector::new("T", pattern, "T", "LOW", &[], &keywords, None).expect("valid detector")
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn luhn_accepts_known_cards_and_separators() {
-        assert!(passes_luhn("4111111111111111"));
-        assert!(passes_luhn("4111-1111-1111-1111"));
-        assert!(passes_luhn("4111 1111 1111 1111"));
-        assert!(!passes_luhn("4111111111111112"));
-        assert!(!passes_luhn(""));
-        assert!(!passes_luhn("no digits"));
-        // Below the 13-digit floor.
-        assert!(!passes_luhn("41111111111"));
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn shannon_entropy_matches_information_theory() {
         assert_eq!(shannon_entropy(""), 0.0);
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index 8c2fd62..129d84f 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -84,6 +84,9 @@ fn run_scan_command(args: &ScanArgs) -> Result<i32, RunCliError> {
     }
 
     if args.update_baseline {
+        if !scan_metadata.is_complete() {
+            return Err(RunCliError::IncompleteBaselineScan);
+        }
         update_baseline(&args, &findings, &mut loaded_baseline, prune, &anchor)?;
         return Ok(0);
     }
@@ -222,13 +225,13 @@ fn emit_scan_result(
     let suppressed = scan_metadata.suppressed_by_baseline;
     let severity_counts = report::get_severity_counts(&findings);
     let mut exit_code = calculate_exit_code(&findings, &args.exit_mode);
-    let unscannable_failure = args.fail_on_unscannable
-        && matches!(args.exit_mode, ExitMode::Strict)
-        && !scan_metadata.unscannable_files.is_empty();
+    let incomplete = !scan_metadata.is_complete();
+    let unscannable_failure = args.fail_on_unscannable && incomplete;
     if unscannable_failure {
         exit_code = 1;
     }
     let unscannable_count = scan_metadata.unscannable_files.len();
+    let coverage_warnings = scan_metadata.coverage_warnings.clone();
     let findings_count = findings.len();
     // Non-verbose runs still need to say WHERE each finding is; a bare count
     // forces a second scan with --verbose to act on anything. Matched text
@@ -273,12 +276,22 @@ fn emit_scan_result(
     for line in &finding_lines {
         emit(line)?;
     }
+    if !args.verbose {
+        for warning in coverage_warnings {
+            emit(&format!("WARNING: {warning}"))?;
+        }
+    }
     let summary = match findings_count {
         _ if args.verbose => report_out.clone(),
         // "No secrets found." next to exit code 1 is contradictory; name the
         // actual failure instead.
-        0 if unscannable_failure => format!(
-            "WARNING: {unscannable_count} file(s) could not be scanned (--fail-on-unscannable)"
+        0 if incomplete => format!(
+            "WARNING: Scan incomplete; {unscannable_count} file(s) could not be scanned{}",
+            if unscannable_failure {
+                " (--fail-on-unscannable)"
+            } else {
+                ""
+            }
         ),
         0 => "No secrets found.".to_string(),
         count => format!(
diff --git a/src/report.rs b/src/report.rs
index 866e975..77a761d 100644
--- a/src/report.rs
+++ b/src/report.rs
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ impl fmt::Display for Severity {
 pub enum ScanStatus {
     Pass,
     Fail,
+    Incomplete,
 }
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
@@ -136,6 +137,14 @@ pub struct ScanMetadata {
     /// separately instead of masquerading as operator-requested skips.
     pub unscannable_files: Vec<String>,
     pub suppressed_by_baseline: usize,
+    pub coverage_warnings: Vec<String>,
+    pub detector_fingerprint: String,
+}
+
+impl ScanMetadata {
+    pub fn is_complete(&self) -> bool {
+        self.unscannable_files.is_empty() && self.coverage_warnings.is_empty()
+    }
 }
 
 /// How many paths an exclusion removed, and a bounded sample of them.
@@ -158,7 +167,12 @@ impl ExcludedSummary {
 
 #[derive(Serialize)]
 pub struct Report {
+    pub scanner_version: &'static str,
+    pub detector_fingerprint: String,
     pub status: ScanStatus,
+    pub finding_status: ScanStatus,
+    pub coverage: &'static str,
+    pub coverage_warnings: Vec<String>,
     pub findings: Vec<Finding>,
     pub files_scanned: usize,
     pub total_lines: usize,
@@ -178,7 +192,15 @@ pub fn create_report(
     scan_time: String,
     show_secrets: bool,
 ) -> Result<String, serde_json::Error> {
-    let status = if findings.is_empty() {
+    let finding_status = if findings.is_empty() {
+        ScanStatus::Pass
+    } else {
+        ScanStatus::Fail
+    };
+    let complete = metadata.is_complete();
+    let status = if !complete {
+        ScanStatus::Incomplete
+    } else if findings.is_empty() {
         ScanStatus::Pass
     } else {
         ScanStatus::Fail
@@ -195,7 +217,12 @@ pub fn create_report(
             .collect()
     };
     let report = Report {
+        scanner_version: env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"),
+        detector_fingerprint: metadata.detector_fingerprint,
         status,
+        finding_status,
+        coverage: if complete { "COMPLETE" } else { "INCOMPLETE" },
+        coverage_warnings: metadata.coverage_warnings,
         findings,
         files_scanned: metadata.files_scanned,
         total_lines: metadata.total_lines,
diff --git a/src/report/sarif.rs b/src/report/sarif.rs
index 9a27c53..f4f3a15 100644
--- a/src/report/sarif.rs
+++ b/src/report/sarif.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,40 @@ use super::{Finding, ScanMetadata, Severity};
 use serde::Serialize;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
+fn artifact_uri(path: &str) -> String {
+    let normalized = if cfg!(windows) {
+        path.replace('\\', "/")
+    } else {
+        path.to_string()
+    };
+    let mut uri = if std::path::Path::new(path).is_absolute() {
+        if cfg!(windows) && normalized.starts_with("//") {
+            "file:".to_string()
+        } else if cfg!(windows) {
+            "file:///".to_string()
+        } else {
+            "file://".to_string()
+        }
+    } else {
+        String::new()
+    };
+    for (index, byte) in normalized.bytes().enumerate() {
+        if byte.is_ascii_alphanumeric()
+            || matches!(byte, b'-' | b'_' | b'.' | b'~' | b'/')
+            || (cfg!(windows)
+                && index == 1
+                && byte == b':'
+                && normalized.as_bytes()[0].is_ascii_alphabetic())
+        {
+            uri.push(char::from(byte));
+        } else {
+            use std::fmt::Write;
+            write!(uri, "%{byte:02X}").expect("Writing to a String cannot fail");
+        }
+    }
+    uri
+}
+
 /// Generate a SARIF 2.1.0 report from findings.
 pub fn create_sarif_report(
     findings: Vec<Finding>,
@@ -98,7 +132,7 @@ pub fn create_sarif_report(
             let level = severity_to_sarif_level(finding.severity);
             let rule_id_clone = rule_id.clone();
             let severity_str = finding.severity.as_str();
-            let uri = finding.file_path;
+            let uri = artifact_uri(&finding.file_path);
             let start_line = finding.line_number;
 
             // No per-rule confidence model exists, so no `precision` claim is
@@ -127,11 +161,36 @@ pub fn create_sarif_report(
         })
         .collect();
 
-    let status = if results.is_empty() { "pass" } else { "fail" };
+    let finding_status = if results.is_empty() { "pass" } else { "fail" };
+    let status = if metadata.is_complete() {
+        finding_status
+    } else {
+        "incomplete"
+    };
 
     // Scan counts only: the BTreeMap serializes in key order, so the payload
     // is deterministic, and no matched content enters the run metadata.
     let mut properties = BTreeMap::new();
+    properties.insert(
+        "detectorFingerprint".to_string(),
+        serde_json::json!(metadata.detector_fingerprint),
+    );
+    properties.insert(
+        "findingStatus".to_string(),
+        serde_json::json!(finding_status),
+    );
+    properties.insert(
+        "coverage".to_string(),
+        serde_json::json!(if metadata.is_complete() {
+            "complete"
+        } else {
+            "incomplete"
+        }),
+    );
+    properties.insert(
+        "coverageWarnings".to_string(),
+        serde_json::json!(metadata.coverage_warnings),
+    );
     properties.insert(
         "status".to_string(),
         serde_json::Value::String(status.to_string()),
diff --git a/src/run_error.rs b/src/run_error.rs
index 1821b83..fc5208d 100644
--- a/src/run_error.rs
+++ b/src/run_error.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ pub enum RunCliError {
         "--update-baseline could not resolve a baseline file: pass --baseline <path>, or run where .keywatch-baseline.json can be discovered or created"
     )]
     MissingBaselineForUpdate,
+    #[error(
+        "Cannot update a baseline from an incomplete scan; resolve coverage warnings and unscannable files first"
+    )]
+    IncompleteBaselineScan,
     #[error("Baseline file not found: '{path}' (pass --update-baseline to create it)")]
     BaselineNotFound { path: String },
     #[error(
diff --git a/src/scanner.rs b/src/scanner.rs
index 284a6cc..cfa1182 100644
--- a/src/scanner.rs
+++ b/src/scanner.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
 mod error;
 mod files;
+mod limits;
 mod lines;
 mod staged;
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ use files::{
     is_default_excluded_file, matches_exclude_patterns, path_has_git_dir,
 };
 use lines::{LineScanContext, scan_file_stream, scan_stream};
-use staged::{StagedScan, scan_git_output, scan_index_blobs, scan_staged_diff};
+use staged::{StagedScan, scan_git_output, scan_index_blobs, scan_staged_diff_with_limit};
 /// Git config that must be overridden for every diff-based scan: the parser
 /// depends on undecorated `diff --git`/`@@`/`+` framing and literal `a/`/`b/`
 /// path prefixes, so user git config that colors, re-prefixes, quotes, or
@@ -49,6 +50,12 @@ const GIT_DIFF_FRAMING_ARGS: &[&str] = &[
     "core.quotePath=false",
     "-c",
     "diff.relative=false",
+    "-c",
+    "diff.srcPrefix=a/",
+    "-c",
+    "diff.dstPrefix=b/",
+    "-c",
+    "diff.interHunkContext=0",
 ];
 
 pub fn run_scan(
@@ -56,22 +63,21 @@ pub fn run_scan(
     config: Option<&KeywatchConfig>,
 ) -> Result<(Vec<Finding>, ScanMetadata), ScannerError> {
     let detectors = resolve_detectors(args, config)?;
-    // A pattern carrying the dot-matches-newline flag anywhere — `(?s)` or
-    // the grouped `(?s:...)` form — spans lines and must run per-chunk, not
-    // per-line, or multiline secrets slip past it.
-    let (multiline_detectors, line_detectors): (Vec<_>, Vec<_>) = detectors
-        .iter()
-        .partition(|detector| detector.is_multiline());
+    limits::input_limit(args.max_file_size)?;
+    // Line-local anchors retain their behavior. The complete-input pass
+    // reports only matches that actually span lines, without flag guessing.
+    let line_detectors: Vec<_> = detectors.iter().collect();
+    let multiline_detectors = &line_detectors;
 
     // Resolved once: every scan mode must skip the baseline file itself.
     let excluded_baseline = baseline_exclusion(args);
 
-    let (findings, metadata) = if args.git_history {
+    let (findings, mut metadata) = if args.git_history {
         scan_git_history(
             args,
             config,
             excluded_baseline.as_ref(),
-            &multiline_detectors,
+            multiline_detectors,
             &line_detectors,
         )?
     } else if args.staged {
@@ -79,28 +85,47 @@ pub fn run_scan(
             args,
             config,
             excluded_baseline.as_ref(),
-            &multiline_detectors,
+            multiline_detectors,
             &line_detectors,
         )?
     } else if args.stdin {
-        scan_stdin(&multiline_detectors, &line_detectors)?
+        scan_stdin(args, multiline_detectors, &line_detectors)?
     } else {
         scan_filesystem(
             args,
             config,
             excluded_baseline.as_ref(),
-            &multiline_detectors,
+            multiline_detectors,
             &line_detectors,
         )?
     };
 
     // Every mode funnels through here, so deduplication and the canonical
     // order hold for reports, baselines and exit codes alike.
+    limits::check_findings(&findings)?;
     let mut findings = dedupe_findings(findings);
     sort_findings(&mut findings);
+    metadata.detector_fingerprint = detector_fingerprint(&detectors);
     Ok((findings, metadata))
 }
 
+fn detector_fingerprint(detectors: &[Detector]) -> String {
+    use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
+    let rules: Vec<_> = detectors.iter().map(|detector| serde_json::json!({
+        "name": detector.name,
+        "pattern": detector.regex.as_str(),
+        "finding_type": detector.finding_type,
+        "severity": detector.severity.as_str(),
+        "allowlist": detector.allowlist.iter().map(|regex| regex.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+        "keywords": detector.keywords,
+        "entropy": detector.entropy_threshold,
+        "validator": detector.validator.map(|validator| format!("{validator:?}")),
+    })).collect();
+    hex::encode(Sha256::digest(
+        serde_json::Value::Array(rules).to_string().as_bytes(),
+    ))
+}
+
 /// Builds the detector set for this scan and applies user configuration on
 /// top. Trusted mode ignores repository-supplied detector files.
 fn resolve_detectors(
@@ -155,6 +180,9 @@ fn scan_git_history(
             "--no-ext-diff",
             "--no-textconv",
             "--no-color",
+            "--full-index",
+            "--format=",
+            "--no-renames",
         ]);
     // Without a range, walk every ref: a secret committed on a side branch
     // is exactly as leaked as one on the checked-out branch. An explicit
@@ -174,24 +202,50 @@ fn scan_git_history(
         command,
         |stderr| ScannerError::GitLogNonZero { stderr },
         |reader| {
-            scan_staged_diff(
+            let mut sizes = staged::GitObjectSizes::new(&repo_root)?;
+            let mut object_size = |oid: &str| sizes.size(oid);
+            let result = scan_staged_diff_with_limit(
                 reader,
                 &exclude_patterns,
                 excluded_baseline,
                 &repo_root,
                 multiline_detectors,
                 line_detectors,
-            )
+                staged::DiffScanPolicy {
+                    max_bytes: limits::input_limit(args.max_file_size)?,
+                    scan_lockfiles: args.scan_lockfiles,
+                    object_size: &mut object_size,
+                },
+            )?;
+            sizes.finish()?;
+            Ok(result)
         },
         |source| ScannerError::RunGitLog { source },
     )?;
 
     let mut metadata = history.metadata;
-    // Blobs are only re-readable from the index, not from history, so a
-    // git-rendered binary in history is unscannable rather than excluded.
-    metadata.unscannable_files = history.unscannable_from_diff;
-
     let mut findings = history.findings;
+    let (blob_findings, blob_lines, skipped) = staged::scan_history_blobs(
+        &repo_root,
+        &history.history_blobs,
+        Some(limits::input_limit(args.max_file_size)?),
+        multiline_detectors,
+        line_detectors,
+    )?;
+    metadata.files_scanned += history.history_blobs.len() - skipped.len();
+    metadata.total_lines += blob_lines;
+    metadata.unscannable_files.extend(skipped);
+    findings.extend(blob_findings);
+    let shallow = std::process::Command::new("git")
+        .current_dir(&repo_root)
+        .args(["rev-parse", "--is-shallow-repository"])
+        .output()
+        .map_err(|source| ScannerError::RunGitLog { source })?;
+    if !shallow.status.success() || shallow.stdout != b"false\n" {
+        metadata.coverage_warnings.push(
+            "Git history is shallow or its completeness could not be determined; fetch complete history before using a history gate.".to_string(),
+        );
+    }
     sort_findings(&mut findings);
     Ok((findings, metadata))
 }
@@ -216,6 +270,8 @@ fn scan_staged(
         "--no-ext-diff",
         "--no-textconv",
         "--no-color",
+        "--no-renames",
+        "--full-index",
         "--",
     ]);
     command.args(&args.paths);
@@ -224,14 +280,23 @@ fn scan_staged(
         command,
         |stderr| ScannerError::GitDiffNonZero { stderr },
         |reader| {
-            scan_staged_diff(
+            let mut sizes = staged::GitObjectSizes::new(&repo_root)?;
+            let mut object_size = |oid: &str| sizes.size(oid);
+            let result = scan_staged_diff_with_limit(
                 reader,
                 &exclude_patterns,
                 excluded_baseline,
                 &repo_root,
                 multiline_detectors,
                 line_detectors,
-            )
+                staged::DiffScanPolicy {
+                    max_bytes: limits::input_limit(args.max_file_size)?,
+                    scan_lockfiles: args.scan_lockfiles,
+                    object_size: &mut object_size,
+                },
+            )?;
+            sizes.finish()?;
+            Ok(result)
         },
         |source| ScannerError::RunGitDiff { source },
     )?;
@@ -240,11 +305,12 @@ fn scan_staged(
         mut findings,
         mut metadata,
         unscannable_from_diff,
+        ..
     } = staged;
 
     let (blob_findings, blob_lines, skipped) = scan_index_blobs(
         &unscannable_from_diff,
-        args.max_file_size.map(|megabytes| megabytes * 1024 * 1024),
+        Some(limits::input_limit(args.max_file_size)?),
         multiline_detectors,
         line_detectors,
     )?;
@@ -259,13 +325,19 @@ fn scan_staged(
 }
 
 fn scan_stdin(
+    args: &ScanArgs,
     multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
     line_detectors: &[&Detector],
 ) -> Result<(Vec<Finding>, ScanMetadata), ScannerError> {
     let stdin = std::io::stdin();
     let reader = BufReader::new(stdin);
-    let (findings, total_lines) =
-        scan_stream(reader, "<stdin>", multiline_detectors, line_detectors)?;
+    let bytes = limits::read_bounded(reader, "<stdin>", limits::input_limit(args.max_file_size)?)?;
+    let (findings, total_lines) = scan_stream(
+        std::io::Cursor::new(bytes),
+        "<stdin>",
+        multiline_detectors,
+        line_detectors,
+    )?;
 
     let metadata = ScanMetadata {
         files_scanned: 1,
@@ -273,6 +345,7 @@ fn scan_stdin(
         excluded_files: Vec::new(),
         unscannable_files: Vec::new(),
         suppressed_by_baseline: 0,
+        ..Default::default()
     };
 
     Ok((findings, metadata))
@@ -298,16 +371,6 @@ impl FileOutcome {
         }
     }
 
-    fn ignored() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            findings: Vec::new(),
-            lines_seen: 0,
-            scanned: false,
-            excluded: None,
-            unscannable: None,
-        }
-    }
-
     fn unreadable(path: String) -> Self {
         Self {
             findings: Vec::new(),
@@ -326,13 +389,21 @@ fn scan_filesystem(
     multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
     line_detectors: &[&Detector],
 ) -> Result<(Vec<Finding>, ScanMetadata), ScannerError> {
+    let exclude_patterns = compile_exclude_patterns(args, config)?;
     let mut target_paths: Vec<ScanTarget> = Vec::new();
     let mut unlistable_dirs: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
 
     // Explicit operands are validated strictly: a typo'd path or an operand
     // the scanner will not read (symlink, device, FIFO) must not produce a
     // silent "No secrets found" pass.
+    let mut visited_paths = 0;
     for path_str in &args.paths {
+        if visited_paths >= limits::MAX_PATHS {
+            return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+                reason: "Input count exceeds the scan budget".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+        visited_paths += 1;
         let path = Path::new(path_str);
         let metadata = match fs::symlink_metadata(path) {
             Ok(metadata) => metadata,
@@ -369,7 +440,14 @@ fn scan_filesystem(
                     source,
                 });
             }
-            collect_files(path_str, &mut target_paths, path_str, &mut unlistable_dirs);
+            collect_files(
+                path_str,
+                &mut target_paths,
+                path_str,
+                &mut unlistable_dirs,
+                &exclude_patterns,
+                &mut visited_paths,
+            )?;
         } else {
             return Err(ScannerError::ScanPathUnsupported {
                 path: path_str.clone(),
@@ -394,31 +472,45 @@ fn scan_filesystem(
     }
     let unique_paths: Vec<_> = unique_paths.into_values().collect();
 
-    let exclude_patterns = compile_exclude_patterns(args, config)?;
     let line_scan_context = LineScanContext::new(line_detectors);
     let scan_base_dir = std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_else(|_| PathBuf::from("."));
-    let max_bytes = args.max_file_size.map(|megabytes| megabytes * 1024 * 1024);
+    let max_bytes = Some(limits::input_limit(args.max_file_size)?);
 
     let settings = FileScanSettings {
         exclude_patterns: &exclude_patterns,
         excluded_baseline,
         scan_base_dir: &scan_base_dir,
         max_bytes,
+        scan_lockfiles: args.scan_lockfiles,
     };
-    let results: Vec<FileOutcome> = unique_paths
-        .into_par_iter()
-        .map(|(path, roots)| {
-            scan_one_path(
-                &path,
-                &roots,
-                &settings,
-                multiline_detectors,
-                &line_scan_context,
-            )
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    let (findings, mut metadata) = aggregate_file_outcomes(results);
+    let mut findings = Vec::new();
+    let mut metadata = ScanMetadata::default();
+    for batch in unique_paths.chunks(4) {
+        let results: Vec<FileOutcome> = batch
+            .par_iter()
+            .map(|(path, roots)| {
+                scan_one_path(
+                    path,
+                    roots,
+                    &settings,
+                    multiline_detectors,
+                    &line_scan_context,
+                )
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        let (batch_findings, batch_metadata) = aggregate_file_outcomes(results);
+        findings.extend(batch_findings);
+        limits::check_findings(&findings)?;
+        metadata.files_scanned += batch_metadata.files_scanned;
+        metadata.total_lines += batch_metadata.total_lines;
+        metadata
+            .excluded_files
+            .extend(batch_metadata.excluded_files);
+        metadata
+            .unscannable_files
+            .extend(batch_metadata.unscannable_files);
+    }
     metadata.unscannable_files.extend(unlistable_dirs);
     Ok((findings, metadata))
 }
@@ -456,6 +548,7 @@ struct FileScanSettings<'scan> {
     excluded_baseline: Option<&'scan PathBuf>,
     scan_base_dir: &'scan Path,
     max_bytes: Option<u64>,
+    scan_lockfiles: bool,
 }
 
 fn scan_one_path(
@@ -471,7 +564,7 @@ fn scan_one_path(
 
     if matches_exclude_patterns(path, roots, settings.exclude_patterns)
         || is_baseline_file(path, settings.scan_base_dir, settings.excluded_baseline)
-        || is_default_excluded_file(path)
+        || (!settings.scan_lockfiles && is_default_excluded_file(path))
     {
         return FileOutcome::skipped_but_reported(path.to_string());
     }
@@ -479,13 +572,13 @@ fn scan_one_path(
     let metadata = match fs::symlink_metadata(path) {
         Ok(metadata) => metadata,
         Err(error) if error.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
-            return FileOutcome::ignored();
+            return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string());
         }
         Err(_) => return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string()),
     };
     let file_type = metadata.file_type();
     if file_type.is_symlink() || !file_type.is_file() {
-        return FileOutcome::ignored();
+        return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string());
     }
     // Over the size cap: unscannable, never silently clean. The cap bounds
     // scan time on huge single files (throughput is per-file).
@@ -496,7 +589,7 @@ fn scan_one_path(
     let mut reader = match fs::File::open(path) {
         Ok(file) => BufReader::new(file),
         Err(error) if error.kind() == std::io::ErrorKind::NotFound => {
-            return FileOutcome::ignored();
+            return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string());
         }
         Err(_) => return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string()),
     };
@@ -505,15 +598,22 @@ fn scan_one_path(
     // identifies it reliably; decode and scan the text.
     match std::io::BufRead::fill_buf(&mut reader) {
         Ok(head) if head.starts_with(&[0xFF, 0xFE]) || head.starts_with(&[0xFE, 0xFF]) => {
-            let mut bytes = Vec::new();
-            if std::io::Read::read_to_end(&mut reader, &mut bytes).is_err() {
-                return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string());
-            }
+            let bytes = match limits::read_bounded(
+                &mut reader,
+                path,
+                settings.max_bytes.unwrap_or(limits::MAX_INPUT_BYTES),
+            ) {
+                Ok(bytes) => bytes,
+                Err(_) => return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string()),
+            };
             let Some(text) = lines::decode_utf16_bom(&bytes) else {
                 return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string());
             };
             let (findings, total_lines) =
-                lines::scan_content(&text, path, multiline_detectors, line_scan_context);
+                match lines::scan_content(&text, path, multiline_detectors, line_scan_context) {
+                    Ok(scanned) => scanned,
+                    Err(_) => return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string()),
+                };
             return FileOutcome {
                 findings,
                 lines_seen: total_lines,
@@ -525,8 +625,13 @@ fn scan_one_path(
         Ok(_) => {}
         Err(_) => return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string()),
     }
-    let scanned = match scan_file_stream(&mut reader, path, multiline_detectors, line_scan_context)
-    {
+    let scanned = match scan_file_stream(
+        &mut reader,
+        path,
+        multiline_detectors,
+        line_scan_context,
+        settings.max_bytes.unwrap_or(limits::MAX_INPUT_BYTES),
+    ) {
         Ok(scanned) => scanned,
         Err(_) => return FileOutcome::unreadable(path.to_string()),
     };
@@ -579,6 +684,8 @@ fn aggregate_file_outcomes(results: Vec<FileOutcome>) -> (Vec<Finding>, ScanMeta
         excluded_files,
         unscannable_files,
         suppressed_by_baseline: 0,
+        coverage_warnings: Vec::new(),
+        ..Default::default()
     };
 
     (findings, metadata)
diff --git a/src/scanner/error.rs b/src/scanner/error.rs
index 643ac47..b5c46f7 100644
--- a/src/scanner/error.rs
+++ b/src/scanner/error.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 #[derive(Debug, Error)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum ScannerError {
+    #[error("Scan resource limit: {reason}")]
+    ResourceLimit { reason: String },
     #[error("{source}")]
     DetectorInit { source: DetectorInitError },
     #[error("{source}")]
diff --git a/src/scanner/files.rs b/src/scanner/files.rs
index 47c7927..3cbc8a2 100644
--- a/src/scanner/files.rs
+++ b/src/scanner/files.rs
@@ -54,10 +54,8 @@ pub(super) fn baseline_exclusion(args: &ScanArgs) -> Option<PathBuf> {
     fs::canonicalize(baseline_path).ok()
 }
 
-/// Lockfiles hold checksums and resolved URLs, never credentials, and their
-/// generated hashes otherwise flood reports and baselines with "Random
-/// String" findings. Excluded by basename at any depth in every
-/// filesystem-backed mode, matching gitleaks; `--stdin` is unaffected.
+/// Lockfiles are excluded by default to reduce checksum noise.
+/// They can contain credentials; users can include them explicitly.
 const DEFAULT_EXCLUDED_FILES: [&str; 13] = [
     "bun.lock",
     "bun.lockb",
@@ -111,38 +109,71 @@ pub(super) fn collect_files(
     targets: &mut Vec<ScanTarget>,
     root: &str,
     unlistable_dirs: &mut Vec<String>,
-) {
+    exclude_patterns: &[Pattern],
+    visited_paths: &mut usize,
+) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
     // A directory that cannot be listed hides everything beneath it; record
     // it as unscannable instead of silently reporting a clean scan, so
     // --fail-on-unscannable catches it.
-    let entries = match fs::read_dir(dir_path) {
-        Ok(entries) => entries,
-        Err(_) => {
-            unlistable_dirs.push(dir_path.to_string());
-            return;
-        }
-    };
-    for entry in entries.flatten() {
-        let Ok(file_type) = entry.file_type() else {
-            continue;
+    let mut directories = vec![PathBuf::from(dir_path)];
+    let roots = [Some(root.to_string())];
+    while let Some(directory) = directories.pop() {
+        let entries = match fs::read_dir(&directory) {
+            Ok(entries) => entries,
+            Err(_) => {
+                unlistable_dirs.push(directory.display().to_string());
+                continue;
+            }
         };
-        if file_type.is_symlink() {
-            continue;
-        }
-        let path = entry.path();
-        if file_type.is_file() {
-            if let Some(path_str) = path.to_str() {
+        for entry in entries {
+            if *visited_paths >= super::limits::MAX_PATHS {
+                return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+                    reason: "Filesystem input count exceeds the scan budget".to_string(),
+                });
+            }
+            *visited_paths += 1;
+            let entry = match entry {
+                Ok(entry) => entry,
+                Err(_) => {
+                    unlistable_dirs.push(directory.display().to_string());
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+            let path = entry.path();
+            if path.file_name().is_some_and(|name| name == ".git") {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let Some(path_str) = path.to_str() else {
+                unlistable_dirs.push(path.display().to_string());
+                continue;
+            };
+            if matches_exclude_patterns(path_str, &roots, exclude_patterns) {
                 targets.push(ScanTarget {
                     path: path_str.to_string(),
                     root: Some(root.to_string()),
                 });
+                continue;
             }
-        } else if file_type.is_dir() && path.file_name().is_none_or(|name| name != ".git") {
-            if let Some(path_str) = path.to_str() {
-                collect_files(path_str, targets, root, unlistable_dirs);
+            let file_type = match entry.file_type() {
+                Ok(file_type) => file_type,
+                Err(_) => {
+                    unlistable_dirs.push(path_str.to_string());
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+            if file_type.is_file() {
+                targets.push(ScanTarget {
+                    path: path_str.to_string(),
+                    root: Some(root.to_string()),
+                });
+            } else if file_type.is_dir() {
+                directories.push(path);
+            } else {
+                unlistable_dirs.push(path_str.to_string());
             }
         }
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 pub(super) fn path_has_git_dir(path: &Path) -> bool {
diff --git a/src/scanner/limits.rs b/src/scanner/limits.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ded683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/scanner/limits.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+use super::ScannerError;
+use crate::report::Finding;
+use std::io::Read;
+
+pub(super) const MAX_INPUT_BYTES: u64 = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
+pub(super) const MAX_LINE_BYTES: usize = 1024 * 1024;
+pub(super) const MAX_PATHS: usize = 100_000;
+const MAX_FINDINGS: usize = 10_000;
+const MAX_FINDING_BYTES: usize = 32 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+pub(super) fn input_limit(megabytes: Option<u64>) -> Result<u64, ScannerError> {
+    let requested = megabytes
+        .unwrap_or(16)
+        .checked_mul(1024 * 1024)
+        .filter(|bytes| *bytes > 0)
+        .ok_or_else(|| ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+            reason: "Invalid maximum file size".to_string(),
+        })?;
+    Ok(requested.min(MAX_INPUT_BYTES))
+}
+
+pub(super) fn read_bounded(
+    reader: impl Read,
+    path: &str,
+    limit: u64,
+) -> Result<Vec<u8>, ScannerError> {
+    let mut bytes = Vec::new();
+    reader
+        .take(limit + 1)
+        .read_to_end(&mut bytes)
+        .map_err(|source| ScannerError::ReadStream {
+            path: path.to_string(),
+            source,
+        })?;
+    if bytes.len() as u64 > limit {
+        return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+            reason: format!("Input exceeds {limit} bytes: {path}"),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(bytes)
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(super) struct FindingBudget {
+    count: usize,
+    bytes: usize,
+}
+
+impl FindingBudget {
+    pub(super) fn reserve(&mut self, bytes: usize) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
+        if self.count >= MAX_FINDINGS || bytes > MAX_FINDING_BYTES.saturating_sub(self.bytes) {
+            return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+                reason: "Finding count or retained text exceeds the scan budget".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+        self.count += 1;
+        self.bytes += bytes;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub(super) fn check_findings(findings: &[Finding]) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
+    let mut budget = FindingBudget::default();
+    for finding in findings {
+        budget.reserve(
+            finding.file_path.len()
+                + finding.matched_content.len()
+                + finding.finding_type.len()
+                + finding.detector_name.len(),
+        )?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/src/scanner/lines.rs b/src/scanner/lines.rs
index a3ed984..c95577e 100644
--- a/src/scanner/lines.rs
+++ b/src/scanner/lines.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 //! Per-line and chunk scanning: the keyword prefilter, the detector accept
 //! chain, and the stream/chunk drivers shared by every scan mode.
 
+use super::limits::{FindingBudget, MAX_INPUT_BYTES, MAX_LINE_BYTES, read_bounded};
 use crate::detector::Detector;
 use crate::report::Finding;
 use crate::scanner::ScannerError;
 use aho_corasick::AhoCorasick;
 use regex::Regex;
-use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::io::BufRead;
 
 const INLINE_SUPPRESS: &str = "keywatch:ignore";
@@ -18,35 +18,60 @@ fn is_inline_suppressed(lowered_line: &str) -> bool {
     lowered_line.contains(INLINE_SUPPRESS)
 }
 
-/// Reads one line into `raw_line` (cleared first), returning `false` at end
-/// of stream. Strips a trailing `\n` and `\r`. The caller decodes lossily:
-/// one invalid byte must not abort a scan. Shared by the stream and staged
-/// parsers so terminator handling exists in exactly one place.
+/// Reads a bounded patch line. Allows one prefix byte and a CRLF terminator.
+/// The parser checks content length after removing the patch prefix.
 pub(super) fn read_raw_line<ReaderType: BufRead>(
     reader: &mut ReaderType,
     path: &str,
     raw_line: &mut Vec<u8>,
 ) -> Result<bool, ScannerError> {
     raw_line.clear();
-    let bytes_read =
-        reader
-            .read_until(b'\n', raw_line)
+    let mut bytes_read = 0;
+    loop {
+        let available = reader
+            .fill_buf()
             .map_err(|source| ScannerError::ReadStream {
                 path: path.to_string(),
                 source,
             })?;
+        if available.is_empty() {
+            break;
+        }
+        let take = available
+            .iter()
+            .position(|byte| *byte == b'\n')
+            .map_or(available.len(), |position| position + 1);
+        if take > (MAX_LINE_BYTES + 3).saturating_sub(raw_line.len()) {
+            return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+                reason: format!("Line exceeds {MAX_LINE_BYTES} bytes: {path}"),
+            });
+        }
+        let finished = available[take - 1] == b'\n';
+        raw_line.extend_from_slice(&available[..take]);
+        reader.consume(take);
+        bytes_read += take;
+        if finished {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
     if bytes_read == 0 {
         return Ok(false);
     }
     if raw_line.last() == Some(&b'\n') {
         raw_line.pop();
     }
-    if raw_line.last() == Some(&b'\r') {
-        raw_line.pop();
-    }
     Ok(true)
 }
 
+pub(super) fn check_line_length(line: &str, path: &str) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
+    if line.len() > MAX_LINE_BYTES {
+        return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+            reason: format!("Line exceeds {MAX_LINE_BYTES} bytes: {path}"),
+        });
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 /// Lowercases `src` into `buf` without allocating a fresh string per line.
 /// ASCII input (the overwhelming majority of scanned bytes) takes a
 /// byte-per-byte fast path; the Unicode path is char-by-char and an order of
@@ -201,6 +226,7 @@ impl<'detectors> LineScanContext<'detectors> {
 pub(super) struct LineScratch {
     lowered_line: String,
     candidates: Vec<bool>,
+    pub(super) budget: FindingBudget,
 }
 pub(super) fn scan_line_detectors(
     line: &str,
@@ -209,14 +235,14 @@ pub(super) fn scan_line_detectors(
     context: &LineScanContext<'_>,
     scratch: &mut LineScratch,
     findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
-) {
+) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
     to_lowercase_into(line, &mut scratch.lowered_line);
     if is_inline_suppressed(&scratch.lowered_line) {
-        return;
+        return Ok(());
     }
 
-    run_line_detectors(line, line_number, path, context, scratch, findings);
-    scan_decoded_base64(line, line_number, path, context, scratch, findings);
+    run_line_detectors(line, line_number, path, context, scratch, findings)?;
+    scan_decoded_base64(line, line_number, path, context, scratch, findings)
 }
 
 /// Decodes base64 runs on the line and scans the decoded text once (no
@@ -231,7 +257,7 @@ fn scan_decoded_base64(
     context: &LineScanContext<'_>,
     scratch: &mut LineScratch,
     findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
-) {
+) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
     /// Shorter decoded payloads cannot hold a credential worth reporting.
     const MIN_DECODED_LENGTH: usize = 16;
 
@@ -255,9 +281,23 @@ fn scan_decoded_base64(
             continue;
         };
         for decoded_line in text.lines() {
-            run_line_detectors(decoded_line, line_number, path, context, scratch, findings);
+            run_line_detectors(decoded_line, line_number, path, context, scratch, findings)?;
+        }
+        let first_multiline = findings.len();
+        scan_multiline_chunk(
+            &text,
+            line_number - 1,
+            path,
+            context.line_detectors,
+            findings,
+            &mut scratch.budget,
+            false,
+        )?;
+        for finding in &mut findings[first_multiline..] {
+            finding.line_number = line_number;
         }
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 /// The detector matching core, shared by the raw line and its decoded
@@ -270,7 +310,7 @@ fn run_line_detectors(
     context: &LineScanContext<'_>,
     scratch: &mut LineScratch,
     findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
-) {
+) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
     to_lowercase_into(line, &mut scratch.lowered_line);
     context
         .prefilter
@@ -294,6 +334,9 @@ fn run_line_detectors(
                 continue;
             };
             if detector.accepts_captures(&captures) {
+                scratch.budget.reserve(
+                    path.len() + matched.len() + detector.finding_type.len() + detector.name.len(),
+                )?;
                 findings.push(Finding {
                     file_path: path.to_string(),
                     line_number,
@@ -305,6 +348,7 @@ fn run_line_detectors(
             }
         }
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 
 pub(super) fn scan_multiline_chunk(
@@ -313,39 +357,57 @@ pub(super) fn scan_multiline_chunk(
     path: &str,
     multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
     findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
-    reported: &mut HashSet<(usize, usize, String)>,
-) {
+    budget: &mut FindingBudget,
+    respect_suppression: bool,
+) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
     if multiline_detectors.is_empty() {
-        return;
+        return Ok(());
     }
     let lowered_chunk = chunk.to_lowercase();
     for detector in multiline_detectors {
+        let mut previous_start = 0;
+        let mut line_in_chunk = 1;
+        let mut line_start = 0;
         if detector.has_keywords(&lowered_chunk) {
             for captures in detector.regex.captures_iter(chunk) {
                 let Some(matched) = captures.get(0) else {
                     continue;
                 };
-                let line_in_chunk = chunk[..matched.start()].matches('\n').count() + 1;
-                let line_start = chunk[..matched.start()]
-                    .rfind('\n')
-                    .map(|i| i + 1)
-                    .unwrap_or(0);
-                // Start position identifies a match exactly; sliding windows
-                // re-scan their carry, so the same match can be seen twice.
-                if !reported.insert((
-                    line_offset + line_in_chunk,
-                    matched.start() - line_start,
-                    detector.name.clone(),
-                )) {
+                if !matched.as_str().contains('\n') {
                     continue;
                 }
-                let line_content = chunk
-                    .lines()
-                    .nth(line_in_chunk.saturating_sub(1))
-                    .unwrap_or_default();
-                let line_is_suppressed = is_inline_suppressed(&line_content.to_lowercase());
-
-                if !line_is_suppressed && detector.accepts_captures(&captures) {
+                let trimmed = matched.as_str().trim_end_matches(['\r', '\n']);
+                if !trimmed.contains('\n')
+                    && detector
+                        .regex
+                        .find(trimmed)
+                        .is_some_and(|found| found.as_str() == trimmed)
+                {
+                    // A trailing line delimiter does not create another
+                    // credential when the line-local pass covers the match.
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if !detector.accepts_captures(&captures) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // Matches occur in source order. Advance once through each
+                // intervening prefix instead of recounting the whole input.
+                for (offset, _) in chunk[previous_start..matched.start()].match_indices('\n') {
+                    line_in_chunk += 1;
+                    line_start = previous_start + offset + 1;
+                }
+                previous_start = matched.start();
+                let line_content = chunk[line_start..].split('\n').next().unwrap_or_default();
+                let line_is_suppressed =
+                    respect_suppression && is_inline_suppressed(&line_content.to_lowercase());
+
+                if !line_is_suppressed {
+                    budget.reserve(
+                        path.len()
+                            + matched.len()
+                            + detector.finding_type.len()
+                            + detector.name.len(),
+                    )?;
                     findings.push(Finding {
                         file_path: path.to_string(),
                         line_number: line_offset + line_in_chunk,
@@ -358,16 +420,17 @@ pub(super) fn scan_multiline_chunk(
             }
         }
     }
+    Ok(())
 }
 pub(super) fn scan_content(
     content: &str,
     path: &str,
     multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
     context: &LineScanContext<'_>,
-) -> (Vec<Finding>, usize) {
+) -> Result<(Vec<Finding>, usize), ScannerError> {
     let mut findings = Vec::new();
     let mut total_lines = 0;
-    let mut reported = HashSet::new();
+    let mut scratch = LineScratch::default();
 
     scan_multiline_chunk(
         content,
@@ -375,11 +438,12 @@ pub(super) fn scan_content(
         path,
         multiline_detectors,
         &mut findings,
-        &mut reported,
-    );
+        &mut scratch.budget,
+        true,
+    )?;
 
-    let mut scratch = LineScratch::default();
     for (line_idx, line) in content.lines().enumerate() {
+        check_line_length(line, path)?;
         total_lines += 1;
         scan_line_detectors(
             line,
@@ -388,13 +452,11 @@ pub(super) fn scan_content(
             context,
             &mut scratch,
             &mut findings,
-        );
+        )?;
     }
 
-    (findings, total_lines)
+    Ok((findings, total_lines))
 }
-const CHUNK_SIZE: usize = 1000;
-const OVERLAP_LINES: usize = 50;
 
 /// How a streaming scan treats NUL bytes: stdin is scanned through, while
 /// a filesystem file containing one is binary and stops the scan.
@@ -412,80 +474,27 @@ pub(super) struct StreamScan {
     pub(super) binary: bool,
 }
 
-/// Shared streaming core for stdin and file mode. Reads line by line so
-/// memory stays bounded regardless of input size, decodes lossily so one
-/// invalid byte cannot abort the scan, and runs multiline detectors over
-/// sliding windows whose carry keeps boundary-crossing secrets whole.
-///
-/// Multiline matches are deduplicated by start position: a secret entirely
-/// inside the carry would otherwise be reported by both adjacent windows.
-/// Matches longer than OVERLAP_LINES that cross a window boundary are still
-/// missed - inherent to a fixed window.
+/// Reads a bounded logical input and checks complete cross-line matches.
 fn scan_lines<R: BufRead>(
     reader: &mut R,
     path: &str,
     multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
     context: &LineScanContext,
     binary_handling: BinaryHandling,
+    max_bytes: u64,
 ) -> Result<StreamScan, ScannerError> {
-    let mut findings = Vec::new();
-    let mut reported: HashSet<(usize, usize, String)> = HashSet::new();
-    let mut total_lines = 0;
-    let mut buffer: Vec<String> = Vec::with_capacity(CHUNK_SIZE + OVERLAP_LINES);
-    // Lines preceding buffer[0]: scan_multiline_chunk adds its 1-based
-    // in-window line index to this offset.
-    let mut lines_before_window = 0;
-    let mut scratch = LineScratch::default();
-    let mut binary = false;
-    let mut raw_line: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-
-    loop {
-        if !read_raw_line(reader, path, &mut raw_line)? {
-            break;
-        }
-        if matches!(binary_handling, BinaryHandling::StopAtNul) && raw_line.contains(&0) {
-            binary = true;
-            break;
-        }
-        total_lines += 1;
-        let line = String::from_utf8_lossy(&raw_line).into_owned();
-        scan_line_detectors(
-            &line,
-            total_lines,
-            path,
-            context,
-            &mut scratch,
-            &mut findings,
-        );
-        buffer.push(line);
-
-        if buffer.len() >= CHUNK_SIZE + OVERLAP_LINES {
-            let chunk = buffer.join("\n");
-            scan_multiline_chunk(
-                &chunk,
-                lines_before_window,
-                path,
-                multiline_detectors,
-                &mut findings,
-                &mut reported,
-            );
-            lines_before_window += buffer.len() - OVERLAP_LINES;
-            buffer.drain(..buffer.len() - OVERLAP_LINES);
-        }
-    }
-
-    if !binary && !buffer.is_empty() {
-        let chunk = buffer.join("\n");
-        scan_multiline_chunk(
-            &chunk,
-            lines_before_window,
+    let bytes = read_bounded(reader, path, max_bytes)?;
+    let binary = matches!(binary_handling, BinaryHandling::StopAtNul) && bytes.contains(&0);
+    let (findings, total_lines) = if binary {
+        (Vec::new(), 0)
+    } else {
+        scan_content(
+            &String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes),
             path,
             multiline_detectors,
-            &mut findings,
-            &mut reported,
-        );
-    }
-
+            context,
+        )?
+    };
     Ok(StreamScan {
         findings,
         total_lines,
@@ -506,6 +515,7 @@ pub(super) fn scan_stream<ReaderType: BufRead>(
         multiline_detectors,
         &context,
         BinaryHandling::ScanThrough,
+        MAX_INPUT_BYTES,
     )?;
     Ok((scanned.findings, scanned.total_lines))
 }
@@ -518,6 +528,7 @@ pub(super) fn scan_file_stream<ReaderType: BufRead>(
     path: &str,
     multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
     context: &LineScanContext,
+    max_bytes: u64,
 ) -> Result<StreamScan, ScannerError> {
     scan_lines(
         reader,
@@ -525,6 +536,7 @@ pub(super) fn scan_file_stream<ReaderType: BufRead>(
         multiline_detectors,
         context,
         BinaryHandling::StopAtNul,
+        max_bytes,
     )
 }
 
diff --git a/src/scanner/staged.rs b/src/scanner/staged.rs
index e3fd3fa..fd49107 100644
--- a/src/scanner/staged.rs
+++ b/src/scanner/staged.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,146 @@
 //! The unified git-diff parser behind `--staged` and `--git-history`, plus
 //! the blob reader for files git renders as binary.
 
+use super::limits::{self, FindingBudget, MAX_INPUT_BYTES, MAX_PATHS};
 use crate::detector::Detector;
 use crate::report::{Finding, ScanMetadata};
 use crate::scanner::ScannerError;
 use crate::scanner::files::{is_baseline_file, is_default_excluded_file, matches_exclude_patterns};
 use crate::scanner::lines::{
-    LineScanContext, LineScratch, read_raw_line, scan_content, scan_line_detectors,
-    scan_multiline_chunk,
+    LineScanContext, LineScratch, check_line_length, read_raw_line, scan_content,
+    scan_line_detectors, scan_multiline_chunk,
 };
 use glob::Pattern;
-use std::collections::HashSet;
-use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader};
+use std::io::{BufRead, BufReader, Read, Write};
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
 
+fn drain_git_stderr(stderr: Option<std::process::ChildStderr>) -> std::thread::JoinHandle<String> {
+    std::thread::spawn(move || {
+        let mut buffer = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(mut stderr) = stderr {
+            let mut chunk = [0u8; 8192];
+            while let Ok(count) = stderr.read(&mut chunk) {
+                if count == 0 {
+                    break;
+                }
+                let retained = count.min((64 * 1024usize).saturating_sub(buffer.len()));
+                buffer.extend_from_slice(&chunk[..retained]);
+            }
+        }
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer).into_owned()
+    })
+}
+
+/// One bounded request-response session for text post-image size checks.
+pub(super) struct GitObjectSizes {
+    child: std::process::Child,
+    stdin: Option<std::process::ChildStdin>,
+    stdout: BufReader<std::process::ChildStdout>,
+    stderr: Option<std::thread::JoinHandle<String>>,
+    cache: std::collections::BTreeMap<String, Option<u64>>,
+    finished: bool,
+}
+
+impl GitObjectSizes {
+    pub(super) fn new(repo_root: &Path) -> Result<Self, ScannerError> {
+        let mut child = std::process::Command::new("git")
+            .current_dir(repo_root)
+            .args(["cat-file", "--batch-check"])
+            .stdin(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(std::process::Stdio::piped())
+            .spawn()
+            .map_err(|source| ScannerError::RunGitCatFile { source })?;
+        let stdin = child.stdin.take();
+        let stdout = child.stdout.take().expect("piped Git stdout");
+        let stderr = drain_git_stderr(child.stderr.take());
+        Ok(Self {
+            child,
+            stdin,
+            stdout: BufReader::new(stdout),
+            stderr: Some(stderr),
+            cache: std::collections::BTreeMap::new(),
+            finished: false,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn size(&mut self, oid: &str) -> Result<Option<u64>, ScannerError> {
+        if let Some(size) = self.cache.get(oid) {
+            return Ok(*size);
+        }
+        if self.cache.len() >= MAX_PATHS {
+            return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+                reason: "Git object count exceeds the scan budget".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
+        let stdin = self.stdin.as_mut().expect("open Git size session");
+        writeln!(stdin, "{oid}")
+            .and_then(|()| stdin.flush())
+            .map_err(|source| ScannerError::RunGitCatFile { source })?;
+        let mut response = Vec::new();
+        Read::by_ref(&mut self.stdout)
+            .take(257)
+            .read_until(b'\n', &mut response)
+            .map_err(|source| ScannerError::RunGitCatFile { source })?;
+        let size = parse_object_size_response(oid, &response)?;
+        self.cache.insert(oid.to_string(), size);
+        Ok(size)
+    }
+
+    pub(super) fn finish(mut self) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
+        self.stdin.take();
+        let status = self
+            .child
+            .wait()
+            .map_err(|source| ScannerError::GitProcess { source })?;
+        self.finished = true;
+        let stderr = self.stderr.take().unwrap().join().unwrap_or_default();
+        if !status.success() {
+            return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+                reason: format!(
+                    "Git object size lookup failed: {}",
+                    summarize_git_stderr(&stderr)
+                ),
+            });
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for GitObjectSizes {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.stdin.take();
+        if !self.finished {
+            let _ = self.child.kill();
+            let _ = self.child.wait();
+        }
+        if let Some(stderr) = self.stderr.take() {
+            let _ = stderr.join();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_object_size_response(oid: &str, response: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<u64>, ScannerError> {
+    let invalid = || ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+        reason: "Invalid Git object size response".to_string(),
+    };
+    if response.len() > 256 || response.last() != Some(&b'\n') {
+        return Err(invalid());
+    }
+    let response = std::str::from_utf8(response).map_err(|_| invalid())?;
+    let fields: Vec<_> = response.trim_end_matches('\n').split(' ').collect();
+    match fields.as_slice() {
+        [returned_oid, "missing"] if *returned_oid == oid => Ok(None),
+        [returned_oid, kind, size]
+            if *returned_oid == oid && matches!(*kind, "blob" | "commit" | "tree" | "tag") =>
+        {
+            let size = size.parse::<u64>().map_err(|_| invalid())?;
+            Ok((*kind == "blob").then_some(size))
+        }
+        _ => Err(invalid()),
+    }
+}
+
 /// Runs `command`, feeds its stdout to `scan`, and reaps the child process.
 ///
 /// Both git-backed scan modes share this so the process lifetime is handled
@@ -35,15 +162,7 @@ pub(super) fn scan_git_output<T>(
     let stdout = child.stdout.take().ok_or(ScannerError::CaptureGitStdout)?;
     // Drained on its own thread: git can fill the stderr pipe (a full usage
     // dump) while this process is still reading stdout, deadlocking both.
-    let stderr = child.stderr.take();
-    let stderr_reader = std::thread::spawn(move || {
-        use std::io::Read;
-        let mut buffer = String::new();
-        if let Some(mut stderr) = stderr {
-            let _ = stderr.read_to_string(&mut buffer);
-        }
-        buffer
-    });
+    let stderr_reader = drain_git_stderr(child.stderr.take());
     let scanned = scan(BufReader::new(stdout));
     if scanned.is_err() {
         let _ = child.kill();
@@ -116,6 +235,10 @@ fn c_unquote(quoted: &str) -> String {
         match bytes.next() {
             Some(b'"') => unescaped.push(b'"'),
             Some(b'\\') => unescaped.push(b'\\'),
+            Some(b'a') => unescaped.push(0x07),
+            Some(b'b') => unescaped.push(0x08),
+            Some(b'f') => unescaped.push(0x0c),
+            Some(b'v') => unescaped.push(0x0b),
             Some(b't') => unescaped.push(b'\t'),
             Some(b'n') => unescaped.push(b'\n'),
             Some(b'r') => unescaped.push(b'\r'),
@@ -161,32 +284,65 @@ struct StagedDiffState {
     next_line_number: usize,
     hunk_start: usize,
     hunk_added: Vec<String>,
+    pending_line: Option<(String, bool)>,
+    hunk_bytes: usize,
     total_lines: usize,
     scanned_files: std::collections::BTreeSet<String>,
     excluded_files: Vec<String>,
     unscannable_from_diff: Vec<String>,
+    unscannable_files: Vec<String>,
+    current_oids: Vec<String>,
+    post_image_oid: Option<String>,
+    history_blobs: std::collections::BTreeSet<(String, String)>,
 }
 
 impl StagedDiffState {
+    fn flush_pending_line(
+        &mut self,
+        preserve_cr: bool,
+        context: &LineScanContext<'_>,
+        scratch: &mut LineScratch,
+        findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
+    ) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
+        let Some((mut content, added)) = self.pending_line.take() else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+        if !preserve_cr && content.ends_with('\r') {
+            content.pop();
+        }
+        check_line_length(&content, "<staged>")?;
+        if added {
+            self.handle_added_line(&content, context, scratch, findings)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     /// Scans the buffered added lines of the hunk that just ended, or the
     /// whole diff when the stream ends.
-    fn flush_hunk(&mut self, multiline_detectors: &[&Detector], findings: &mut Vec<Finding>) {
+    fn flush_hunk(
+        &mut self,
+        multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
+        findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
+        budget: &mut FindingBudget,
+    ) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
         if self.hunk_added.is_empty() {
-            return;
+            return Ok(());
         }
         if let Some(path) = self.current_path.as_deref() {
             let chunk = self.hunk_added.join("\n");
-            let mut reported = HashSet::new();
             scan_multiline_chunk(
                 &chunk,
                 self.hunk_start.saturating_sub(1),
                 path,
                 multiline_detectors,
                 findings,
-                &mut reported,
-            );
+                budget,
+                true,
+            )?;
         }
         self.hunk_added.clear();
+        self.hunk_bytes = 0;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     fn handle_added_line(
@@ -195,16 +351,23 @@ impl StagedDiffState {
         context: &LineScanContext<'_>,
         scratch: &mut LineScratch,
         findings: &mut Vec<Finding>,
-    ) {
+    ) -> Result<(), ScannerError> {
         let line_number = self.next_line_number;
         self.next_line_number += 1;
         let Some(path) = self.current_path.as_deref() else {
-            return;
+            return Ok(());
         };
         self.total_lines += 1;
         self.scanned_files.insert(path.to_string());
-        scan_line_detectors(content, line_number, path, context, scratch, findings);
+        scan_line_detectors(content, line_number, path, context, scratch, findings)?;
+        self.hunk_bytes += content.len() + 1;
+        if self.hunk_bytes as u64 > MAX_INPUT_BYTES {
+            return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+                reason: "Diff hunk exceeds the input budget".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
         self.hunk_added.push(content.to_string());
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// A `+++ b/path` header selects the post-image path unless an exclusion
@@ -215,12 +378,13 @@ impl StagedDiffState {
         exclude_patterns: &[Pattern],
         excluded_baseline: Option<&PathBuf>,
         base_dir: &Path,
+        scan_lockfiles: bool,
     ) {
         self.current_path = match parse_diff_target_path(target) {
             Some(path)
                 if matches_exclude_patterns(&path, &[], exclude_patterns)
                     || is_baseline_file(&path, base_dir, excluded_baseline)
-                    || is_default_excluded_file(&path) =>
+                    || (!scan_lockfiles && is_default_excluded_file(&path)) =>
             {
                 self.excluded_files.push(path);
                 None
@@ -239,59 +403,89 @@ impl StagedDiffState {
         exclude_patterns: &[Pattern],
         excluded_baseline: Option<&PathBuf>,
         base_dir: &Path,
+        scan_lockfiles: bool,
     ) {
-        let path = parse_binary_marker_path(marker);
-        // A deleted file has no staged content left to read.
-        if path == "/dev/null" {
+        let Some((path, deleted)) = parse_binary_marker_path(marker) else {
+            self.unscannable_files
+                .push(format!("Unrecognized binary path: {marker}"));
             return;
-        }
+        };
         if matches_exclude_patterns(&path, &[], exclude_patterns)
             || is_baseline_file(&path, base_dir, excluded_baseline)
-            || is_default_excluded_file(&path)
+            || (!scan_lockfiles && is_default_excluded_file(&path))
         {
             self.excluded_files.push(path);
         } else {
-            self.unscannable_from_diff.push(path);
+            for oid in &self.current_oids {
+                self.history_blobs.insert((path.clone(), oid.clone()));
+            }
+            if !deleted {
+                self.unscannable_from_diff.push(path);
+            }
         }
     }
 }
 
-/// Best-effort path from a `Binary files a/x and b/x differ` marker: the
-/// post-image side, for surfacing skipped files. Sides that git quoted are
-/// separated by a quoted-space-quoted delimiter, which also keeps `" and "`
-/// inside a quoted name from splitting the pair.
-fn parse_binary_marker_path(marker: &str) -> String {
-    let Some(paths) = marker.strip_suffix(" differ") else {
-        return marker.to_string();
-    };
-    let target = if paths.contains("\" and \"") {
-        paths
-            .rsplit("\" and \"")
-            .next()
-            .map(|tail| format!("\"{tail}"))
-    } else {
-        paths.rsplit(" and ").next().map(str::to_string)
-    };
-    match target {
-        Some(target) => {
-            let unquoted = c_unquote(&target);
-            unquoted.strip_prefix("b/").unwrap_or(&unquoted).to_string()
+/// Validate both sides before applying exclusions. Rename detection is off,
+/// so two non-null sides must refer to the same path.
+fn parse_binary_marker_path(marker: &str) -> Option<(String, bool)> {
+    let paths = marker.strip_suffix(" differ")?;
+    for (offset, _) in paths.match_indices(" and ") {
+        let old = c_unquote(&paths[..offset]);
+        let new = c_unquote(&paths[offset + 5..]);
+        match (old.strip_prefix("a/"), new.strip_prefix("b/")) {
+            (Some(old), Some(new)) if old == new => return Some((new.to_string(), false)),
+            (None, Some(new)) if old == "/dev/null" => return Some((new.to_string(), false)),
+            (Some(old), None) if new == "/dev/null" => return Some((old.to_string(), true)),
+            _ => {}
         }
-        None => marker.to_string(),
     }
+    None
 }
 
 /// Scans only the added lines of the staged diff, attributing findings to the
 /// real file path and post-image line number so `--baseline` entries match.
 /// Hunk state is tracked because added content may itself start with "+".
 /// Lines are decoded lossily so one non-UTF-8 file cannot abort the scan.
+#[cfg(test)]
 pub(super) fn scan_staged_diff<ReaderType: BufRead>(
+    reader: ReaderType,
+    exclude_patterns: &[Pattern],
+    excluded_baseline: Option<&PathBuf>,
+    base_dir: &Path,
+    multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
+    line_detectors: &[&Detector],
+) -> Result<StagedScan, ScannerError> {
+    let mut object_size = |_oid: &str| Ok(Some(0));
+    scan_staged_diff_with_limit(
+        reader,
+        exclude_patterns,
+        excluded_baseline,
+        base_dir,
+        multiline_detectors,
+        line_detectors,
+        DiffScanPolicy {
+            max_bytes: MAX_INPUT_BYTES,
+            scan_lockfiles: false,
+            object_size: &mut object_size,
+        },
+    )
+}
+
+pub(super) struct DiffScanPolicy<'a> {
+    pub max_bytes: u64,
+    pub scan_lockfiles: bool,
+    pub object_size: &'a mut dyn FnMut(&str) -> Result<Option<u64>, ScannerError>,
+}
+
+pub(super) fn scan_staged_diff_with_limit<ReaderType: BufRead>(
     mut reader: ReaderType,
     exclude_patterns: &[Pattern],
     excluded_baseline: Option<&PathBuf>,
     base_dir: &Path,
     multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
     line_detectors: &[&Detector],
+    policy: DiffScanPolicy<'_>,
 ) -> Result<StagedScan, ScannerError> {
     let context = LineScanContext::new(line_detectors);
     let mut findings = Vec::new();
@@ -300,57 +494,139 @@ pub(super) fn scan_staged_diff<ReaderType: BufRead>(
     let mut raw_line: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
 
     while read_raw_line(&mut reader, "<staged>", &mut raw_line)? {
+        if state.scanned_files.len()
+            + state.excluded_files.len()
+            + state.unscannable_from_diff.len()
+            + state.unscannable_files.len()
+            + state.history_blobs.len()
+            > MAX_PATHS
+        {
+            return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+                reason: "Git input count exceeds the scan budget".to_string(),
+            });
+        }
         let line = String::from_utf8_lossy(&raw_line);
 
+        if state.in_hunk && line.starts_with('\\') {
+            // A no-newline marker preserves a final CR as file content.
+            check_line_length(&line[1..], "<staged>")?;
+            state.flush_pending_line(true, &context, &mut scratch, &mut findings)?;
+            continue;
+        }
+        state.flush_pending_line(false, &context, &mut scratch, &mut findings)?;
         if state.in_hunk {
             if let Some(content) = line.strip_prefix('+') {
-                state.handle_added_line(content, &context, &mut scratch, &mut findings);
+                state.pending_line = Some((content.to_string(), true));
                 continue;
             }
-            if line.starts_with('-') || line.starts_with('\\') {
+            if let Some(content) = line.strip_prefix('-') {
+                state.pending_line = Some((content.to_string(), false));
                 continue;
             }
         }
 
+        let line = line.strip_suffix('\r').unwrap_or(&line);
+        check_line_length(line, "<staged>")?;
+
         if line.starts_with("@@") {
-            state.flush_hunk(multiline_detectors, &mut findings);
-            state.hunk_start = parse_hunk_new_start(&line);
+            state.flush_hunk(multiline_detectors, &mut findings, &mut scratch.budget)?;
+            state.hunk_start = parse_hunk_new_start(line);
             state.next_line_number = state.hunk_start;
             state.in_hunk = true;
             continue;
         }
 
         if line.starts_with("diff ") {
-            state.flush_hunk(multiline_detectors, &mut findings);
+            state.flush_hunk(multiline_detectors, &mut findings, &mut scratch.budget)?;
             state.in_hunk = false;
             state.current_path = None;
+            state.current_oids.clear();
+            state.post_image_oid = None;
             continue;
         }
 
+        if let Some(index) = line.strip_prefix("index ") {
+            let oids: Vec<_> = index
+                .split_whitespace()
+                .next()
+                .unwrap_or("")
+                .split("..")
+                .collect();
+            let valid = |oid: &str| {
+                (oid.len() == 40 || oid.len() == 64)
+                    && oid.bytes().all(|byte| byte.is_ascii_hexdigit())
+                    && oid.bytes().any(|byte| byte != b'0')
+            };
+            state.post_image_oid = match oids.as_slice() {
+                [_, new] if valid(new) => Some((*new).to_string()),
+                _ => None,
+            };
+            state.current_oids = oids
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter(|oid| valid(oid))
+                .map(str::to_string)
+                .collect();
+        }
+
         if let Some(target) = line.strip_prefix("+++ ") {
-            state.select_path(target, exclude_patterns, excluded_baseline, base_dir);
+            state.select_path(
+                target,
+                exclude_patterns,
+                excluded_baseline,
+                base_dir,
+                policy.scan_lockfiles,
+            );
+            if let Some(path) = state.current_path.as_ref() {
+                let size = match state.post_image_oid.as_deref() {
+                    Some(oid) => (policy.object_size)(oid)?,
+                    None => None,
+                };
+                if size.is_none_or(|size| size > policy.max_bytes) {
+                    state.unscannable_files.push(path.clone());
+                    state.current_path = None;
+                }
+            }
             continue;
         }
 
         if let Some(marker) = line.strip_prefix("Binary files ") {
-            state.record_binary_marker(marker, exclude_patterns, excluded_baseline, base_dir);
+            state.record_binary_marker(
+                marker,
+                exclude_patterns,
+                excluded_baseline,
+                base_dir,
+                policy.scan_lockfiles,
+            );
+        }
+        if state.scanned_files.len()
+            + state.excluded_files.len()
+            + state.unscannable_from_diff.len()
+            + state.history_blobs.len()
+            > MAX_PATHS
+        {
+            return Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit {
+                reason: "Git input count exceeds the scan budget".to_string(),
+            });
         }
     }
 
-    state.flush_hunk(multiline_detectors, &mut findings);
+    state.flush_pending_line(false, &context, &mut scratch, &mut findings)?;
+    state.flush_hunk(multiline_detectors, &mut findings, &mut scratch.budget)?;
 
     let metadata = ScanMetadata {
         files_scanned: state.scanned_files.len(),
         total_lines: state.total_lines,
         excluded_files: state.excluded_files,
-        unscannable_files: Vec::new(),
+        unscannable_files: state.unscannable_files,
         suppressed_by_baseline: 0,
+        ..Default::default()
     };
 
     Ok(StagedScan {
         findings,
         metadata,
         unscannable_from_diff: state.unscannable_from_diff,
+        history_blobs: state.history_blobs.into_iter().collect(),
     })
 }
 
@@ -362,6 +638,7 @@ pub(super) struct StagedScan {
     pub(super) findings: Vec<Finding>,
     pub(super) metadata: ScanMetadata,
     pub(super) unscannable_from_diff: Vec<String>,
+    pub(super) history_blobs: Vec<(String, String)>,
 }
 
 /// Resolves the staged blob object id for a repository-relative path.
@@ -405,49 +682,79 @@ pub(super) fn scan_index_blobs(
     max_bytes: Option<u64>,
     multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
     line_detectors: &[&Detector],
+) -> Result<(Vec<Finding>, usize, Vec<String>), ScannerError> {
+    let mut blobs = Vec::new();
+    let mut skipped = Vec::new();
+    for path in paths {
+        match staged_blob_oid(path)? {
+            Some(oid) => blobs.push((path.clone(), oid)),
+            None => skipped.push(path.clone()),
+        }
+    }
+    let (findings, lines, blob_skips) = scan_history_blobs(
+        Path::new("."),
+        &blobs,
+        max_bytes,
+        multiline_detectors,
+        line_detectors,
+    )?;
+    skipped.extend(blob_skips);
+    Ok((findings, lines, skipped))
+}
+
+pub(super) fn scan_history_blobs(
+    repo_root: &Path,
+    blobs: &[(String, String)],
+    max_bytes: Option<u64>,
+    multiline_detectors: &[&Detector],
+    line_detectors: &[&Detector],
 ) -> Result<(Vec<Finding>, usize, Vec<String>), ScannerError> {
     let context = LineScanContext::new(line_detectors);
     let mut findings = Vec::new();
     let mut total_lines = 0;
     let mut skipped = Vec::new();
 
-    for path in paths {
-        let Some(oid) = staged_blob_oid(path)? else {
-            skipped.push(path.clone());
-            continue;
+    for (path, oid) in blobs {
+        let mut command = std::process::Command::new("git");
+        command
+            .current_dir(repo_root)
+            .args(["cat-file", "blob", oid]);
+        let bytes = match scan_git_output(
+            command,
+            |reason| ScannerError::ResourceLimit { reason },
+            |reader| limits::read_bounded(reader, path, max_bytes.unwrap_or(MAX_INPUT_BYTES)),
+            |source| ScannerError::RunGitCatFile { source },
+        ) {
+            Ok(bytes) => bytes,
+            Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit { .. }) => {
+                skipped.push(path.clone());
+                continue;
+            }
+            Err(error) => return Err(error),
         };
-        let output = std::process::Command::new("git")
-            .args(["cat-file", "blob", &oid])
-            .output()
-            .map_err(|source| ScannerError::RunGitCatFile { source })?;
-        if !output.status.success() {
-            skipped.push(path.clone());
-            continue;
-        }
-        // Over the size cap: skipped as unscannable, never silently clean.
-        if max_bytes.is_some_and(|cap| output.stdout.len() as u64 > cap) {
-            skipped.push(path.clone());
-            continue;
-        }
         // A UTF-16 blob (a Windows-written .env is the common case) is full
         // of NUL bytes; a byte-order mark identifies it, so decode and scan
         // the text instead of skipping it as binary.
-        if let Some(text) = crate::scanner::lines::decode_utf16_bom(&output.stdout) {
-            let (blob_findings, blob_lines) =
-                scan_content(&text, path, multiline_detectors, &context);
-            findings.extend(blob_findings);
-            total_lines += blob_lines;
-            continue;
-        }
+        let decoded = crate::scanner::lines::decode_utf16_bom(&bytes);
         // Genuinely binary content (NUL bytes) is skipped, matching file mode.
-        if output.stdout.contains(&0) {
+        if decoded.is_none() && bytes.contains(&0) {
             skipped.push(path.clone());
             continue;
         }
-        let content = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout);
+        let content = decoded
+            .map(std::borrow::Cow::Owned)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes));
         let (blob_findings, blob_lines) =
-            scan_content(&content, path, multiline_detectors, &context);
+            match scan_content(&content, path, multiline_detectors, &context) {
+                Ok(result) => result,
+                Err(ScannerError::ResourceLimit { .. }) => {
+                    skipped.push(path.clone());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Err(error) => return Err(error),
+            };
         findings.extend(blob_findings);
+        limits::check_findings(&findings)?;
         total_lines += blob_lines;
     }
 
@@ -460,12 +767,77 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::scanner::test_support::make_test_detector as make_detector;
     use std::io::Cursor;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn object_size_responses_require_matching_blob_identity_and_bounded_sizes() {
+        for oid in ["1".repeat(40), "2".repeat(64)] {
+            let response = format!("{oid} blob 1048576\n");
+            assert_eq!(
+                parse_object_size_response(&oid, response.as_bytes()).unwrap(),
+                Some(1048576)
+            );
+            let missing = format!("{oid} missing\n");
+            assert_eq!(
+                parse_object_size_response(&oid, missing.as_bytes()).unwrap(),
+                None
+            );
+            for kind in ["commit", "tree", "tag"] {
+                let response = format!("{oid} {kind} 166\n");
+                assert_eq!(
+                    parse_object_size_response(&oid, response.as_bytes()).unwrap(),
+                    None
+                );
+            }
+            for response in [
+                String::new(),
+                format!("{oid} blob 1"),
+                format!("{oid} blob 18446744073709551616\n"),
+                format!("{} blob 1\n", "3".repeat(40)),
+                format!("{oid} unknown 1\n"),
+                format!("{oid} tree invalid\n"),
+                format!("{} commit 1\n", "3".repeat(40)),
+                format!("{oid} blob 1 extra\n"),
+                format!("{}\n", "1".repeat(256)),
+            ] {
+                assert!(
+                    parse_object_size_response(&oid, response.as_bytes()).is_err(),
+                    "{response:?}"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn missing_or_invalid_post_image_ids_cannot_skip_size_limits() {
+        let detector = make_detector("Line", r"SECRET_\w+", "Test", "HIGH");
+        for index in [
+            "",
+            "index 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111..invalid 100644",
+            "index 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 100644",
+        ] {
+            let diff = format!(
+                "diff --git a/input.env b/input.env\n{index}\n--- a/input.env\n+++ b/input.env\n@@ -0,0 +1 @@\n+SECRET_VALUE\n"
+            );
+            let result = scan_staged_diff(
+                Cursor::new(diff),
+                &[],
+                None,
+                Path::new("."),
+                &[],
+                &[&detector],
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert!(!result.metadata.is_complete(), "{index}");
+            assert_eq!(result.metadata.unscannable_files, ["input.env"]);
+            assert!(result.findings.is_empty());
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn test_scan_staged_diff_preserves_plus_prefixed_added_content() {
         let detector = make_detector("Line", r"SECRET_\w+", "Test", "HIGH");
         let line_detectors = vec![&detector];
         let diff = "diff --git a/notes.txt b/notes.txt\n\
-            index aabbcc0..ddeeff1 100644\n\
+            index 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111..2222222222222222222222222222222222222222 100644\n\
             --- /dev/null\n\
             +++ b/notes.txt\n\
             @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@\n\
@@ -535,11 +907,13 @@ mod tests {
         let detector = make_detector("Line", r"SECRET_\w+", "Test", "HIGH");
         let line_detectors = vec![&detector];
         let diff = "diff --git a/first.txt b/first.txt\n\
+            index 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111..2222222222222222222222222222222222222222 100644\n\
             --- a/first.txt\n\
             +++ b/first.txt\n\
             @@ -0,0 +7 @@\n\
             +SECRET_A\n\
             diff --git a/second.txt b/second.txt\n\
+            index 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111..2222222222222222222222222222222222222222 100644\n\
             --- a/second.txt\n\
             +++ b/second.txt\n\
             @@ -0,0 +2 @@\n\
@@ -573,7 +947,7 @@ mod tests {
         let detector = make_detector("Line", r"SECRET_\w+", "Test", "HIGH");
         let line_detectors = vec![&detector];
         let diff = "diff --git a/img.png b/img.png\n\
-            index aabbcc0..ddeeff1 100644\n\
+            index 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111..2222222222222222222222222222222222222222 100644\n\
             Binary files a/img.png and b/img.png differ\n";
 
         let staged = scan_staged_diff(
@@ -633,6 +1007,7 @@ mod tests {
         let line_detectors = vec![&detector];
         let mut diff: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
         diff.extend_from_slice(b"diff --git a/legacy.csv b/legacy.csv\n");
+        diff.extend_from_slice(b"index 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111..2222222222222222222222222222222222222222 100644\n");
         diff.extend_from_slice(b"--- a/legacy.csv\n");
         diff.extend_from_slice(b"+++ b/legacy.csv\n");
         diff.extend_from_slice(b"@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@\n");
@@ -662,6 +1037,7 @@ mod tests {
         let detector = make_detector("Block", r"(?s)BEGIN KEY.*END KEY", "Test", "HIGH");
         let multiline_detectors = vec![&detector];
         let diff = "diff --git a/key.pem b/key.pem\n\
+            index 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111..2222222222222222222222222222222222222222 100644\n\
             --- a/key.pem\n\
             +++ b/key.pem\n\
             @@ -0,0 +5,3 @@\n\
@@ -702,19 +1078,48 @@ mod tests {
             Some("plain.txt")
         );
         assert_eq!(parse_diff_target_path("/dev/null"), None);
+        for (escape, character) in [
+            ('a', '\u{7}'),
+            ('b', '\u{8}'),
+            ('f', '\u{c}'),
+            ('v', '\u{b}'),
+        ] {
+            let quoted = format!("\"b/credentials\\{escape}.env\"");
+            let expected = format!("credentials{character}.env");
+            assert_eq!(
+                parse_diff_target_path(&quoted).as_deref(),
+                Some(expected.as_str())
+            );
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_parse_binary_marker_path_unquotes_and_takes_post_image() {
         assert_eq!(
-            parse_binary_marker_path(
-                "Binary files \"a/one and two.bin\" and \"b/one and two.bin\" differ"
-            ),
-            "one and two.bin"
+            parse_binary_marker_path("\"a/one and two.bin\" and \"b/one and two.bin\" differ"),
+            Some(("one and two.bin".to_string(), false))
         );
         assert_eq!(
-            parse_binary_marker_path("Binary files /dev/null and b/plain.bin differ"),
-            "plain.bin"
+            parse_binary_marker_path("/dev/null and b/plain.bin differ"),
+            Some(("plain.bin".to_string(), false))
         );
+        for (escape, character) in [
+            ('a', '\u{7}'),
+            ('b', '\u{8}'),
+            ('f', '\u{c}'),
+            ('v', '\u{b}'),
+        ] {
+            let previous = format!("\"a/credentials\\{escape}.env\"");
+            let current = format!("\"b/credentials\\{escape}.env\"");
+            let expected = format!("credentials{character}.env");
+            assert_eq!(
+                parse_binary_marker_path(&format!("{previous} and {current} differ")),
+                Some((expected.clone(), false))
+            );
+            assert_eq!(
+                parse_binary_marker_path(&format!("{previous} and /dev/null differ")),
+                Some((expected, true))
+            );
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/utils.rs b/src/utils.rs
index 4d8f528..9b45dfe 100644
--- a/src/utils.rs
+++ b/src/utils.rs
@@ -58,28 +58,82 @@ pub fn display_path(path: &Path) -> String {
     }
 }
 
-/// Writes a report file readable only by its owner.
-///
-/// `File::create` uses 0666 & ~umask, i.e. world-readable by default, and a
-/// report can carry matched text when `--show-secrets` is set. The mode is
-/// also forced on an existing file, whose old (possibly world-readable)
-/// permissions would otherwise survive the rewrite.
+/// Atomically replaces a file with an owner-readable report.
 pub fn write_to_file(path: &str, content: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    atomic_write(Path::new(path), content.as_bytes())
+}
+
+/// Uses a same-directory temporary file. The caller must control the parent
+/// directory and its ancestors; this is not protection against ancestor races.
+pub(crate) fn atomic_write(path: &Path, content: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+    use std::fs;
+    use std::io::{Error, ErrorKind};
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
+    static NEXT: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+    let parent = path
+        .parent()
+        .filter(|parent| !parent.as_os_str().is_empty())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| Path::new("."));
+    if fs::symlink_metadata(parent)?.file_type().is_symlink() || is_world_writable(parent) {
+        return Err(Error::new(
+            ErrorKind::PermissionDenied,
+            "Output parent must be a trusted directory",
+        ));
+    }
+    let check_destination = || -> Result<()> {
+        match fs::symlink_metadata(path) {
+            Ok(metadata) if !metadata.file_type().is_file() => Err(Error::new(
+                ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                "Output destination must be a regular file, not a symlink",
+            )),
+            Ok(_) => Ok(()),
+            Err(error) if error.kind() == ErrorKind::NotFound => Ok(()),
+            Err(error) => Err(error),
+        }
+    };
+    check_destination()?;
     let mut options = std::fs::OpenOptions::new();
-    options.write(true).create(true).truncate(true);
+    options.write(true).create_new(true);
     #[cfg(unix)]
     {
         use std::os::unix::fs::OpenOptionsExt;
         options.mode(0o600);
     }
-    let mut file = options.open(path)?;
-    #[cfg(unix)]
-    {
-        use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
-        file.set_permissions(std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o600))?;
+    for _ in 0..128 {
+        let temporary = parent.join(format!(
+            ".keywatch-write-{}-{}",
+            std::process::id(),
+            NEXT.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed)
+        ));
+        if temporary.file_name() == path.file_name() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let mut file = match options.open(&temporary) {
+            Ok(file) => file,
+            Err(error) if error.kind() == ErrorKind::AlreadyExists => continue,
+            Err(error) => return Err(error),
+        };
+        let result = (|| {
+            #[cfg(unix)]
+            {
+                use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+                file.set_permissions(fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o600))?;
+            }
+            file.write_all(content)?;
+            file.sync_all()?;
+            drop(file);
+            check_destination()?;
+            fs::rename(&temporary, path)
+        })();
+        if result.is_err() {
+            let _ = fs::remove_file(&temporary);
+        }
+        return result;
     }
-    file.write_all(content.as_bytes())?;
-    Ok(())
+    Err(Error::new(
+        ErrorKind::AlreadyExists,
+        "Cannot reserve an output temporary file",
+    ))
 }
 
 #[cfg(unix)]
diff --git a/templates/pre-push.sh b/templates/pre-push.sh
index 68af175..611084c 100644
--- a/templates/pre-push.sh
+++ b/templates/pre-push.sh
@@ -151,10 +151,10 @@ scan_pushed_refs() {
                 fi
                 ;;
         esac
-        "$KEYWATCH_BIN" scan --git-history --rev-range "$range" --exit-mode critical --no-config-discovery < /dev/null
+        "$KEYWATCH_BIN" scan --git-history --rev-range "$range" --exit-mode critical --no-config-discovery --fail-on-unscannable < /dev/null
         scan_status=$?
         if [ "$scan_status" -eq 1 ]; then
-            echo "ERROR: Secret detected in $local_ref. Run '$KEYWATCH_BIN scan --git-history --rev-range $range --no-config-discovery' to inspect." >&2
+            echo "ERROR: Scan blocked $local_ref because of findings or incomplete coverage. Run '$KEYWATCH_BIN scan --git-history --rev-range $range --no-config-discovery' to inspect." >&2
             status=1
         elif [ "$scan_status" -ne 0 ]; then
             echo "Error: $KEYWATCH_BIN scan failed for $local_ref (exit code: $scan_status)" >&2
diff --git a/tests/accuracy_corpus.toml b/tests/accuracy_corpus.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4afae7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/accuracy_corpus.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+# These credentials are synthetic. These cases do not measure provider validity.
+[[cases]]
+name = "Typed password"
+input = 'const DB_PASSWORD: &str = "OldHarmlessFixture783!";'
+detector = "PasswordDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Lifetime password"
+input = '''const PWD: &'static str = "OldHarmlessFixture783!";'''
+detector = "PasswordDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "JSON password"
+input = '{"password":"hunter2"}'
+detector = "PasswordDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "JSON token"
+input = '{"api_key":"aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7"}'
+detector = "GenericKeyValueDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Bare apikey"
+input = 'apikey="aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7"'
+detector = "GenericKeyValueDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Bare accesskey"
+input = 'accesskey="aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7"'
+detector = "GenericKeyValueDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Bare securitykey"
+input = 'securitykey="aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7"'
+detector = "GenericKeyValueDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Slash and plus token"
+input = 'api_key="aB3xK9mQ2pR7/+z8"'
+detector = "GenericKeyValueDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Quoted snake credential"
+input = 'api_key="q7m2_c9v8_x5z1"'
+detector = "GenericKeyValueDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Quoted kebab credential"
+input = 'api_key="1234-5678-9012"'
+detector = "GenericKeyValueDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Passphrase"
+input = 'PWD=Correct-Horse-Battery-Staple'
+detector = "PasswordDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Extended placeholder"
+input = 'PASSWORD="dummy7!"'
+detector = "PasswordDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Embedded placeholder"
+input = 'PWD="notdummy9!"'
+detector = "PasswordDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Extended token placeholder"
+input = 'api_key="changemeA7q9Z2"'
+detector = "GenericKeyValueDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Quoted code expression"
+input = 'password="config.db_password.clone()"'
+detector = "PasswordDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "AWS key"
+input = 'AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP'
+detector = "AWSKeyDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Payment underscored key"
+input = 'api_key_live_aB3dE6gH9j'
+detector = "PaymentGatewayKeyDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Payment bare key"
+input = 'apikey_live_aB3dE6gH9j'
+detector = "PaymentGatewayKeyDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Hyphenated service account"
+input = 'service-account-key="aB3xK9mQ2pR7nH6vD8sJ4"'
+detector = "ServiceAccountKeyDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Bare service account"
+input = 'serviceaccountkey="aB3xK9mQ2pR7nH6vD8sJ4"'
+detector = "ServiceAccountKeyDetector"
+[[cases]]
+name = "Exact password placeholder"
+input = 'password="dummy"'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Exact token placeholder"
+input = 'api_key="changeme"'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Exact documentation placeholder"
+input = 'token="your-api-key-here"'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Empty typed password"
+input = 'const DB_PASSWORD: &str = "";'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Empty JSON password"
+input = '{"password":""}'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Proto declaration"
+input = 'string password = 2;'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Unquoted snake reference"
+input = 'token: request_data_v2'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Unquoted camel reference"
+input = 'secret = globalState'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Unquoted constant reference"
+input = 'config_key = VAULT_BACKEND_PATH'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Unquoted function reference"
+input = 'password = config.db_password.clone()'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Shell directory reference"
+input = 'docker run -v $PWD:/app example'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Loopback address"
+input = '127.0.0.1'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Example email"
+input = 'example@example.com'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Base64-like identifier"
+input = 'PaymentMethodServiceEligibilityRequest'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Public Visa test number"
+input = '{"card_number":"4111111111111111"}'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Public Amex test number"
+input = '{"card_number":"378282246310005"}'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Public Mastercard test number"
+input = '{"card_number":"5555555555554444"}'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Unquoted access token reference"
+input = 'access_token: router_data_v2,'
+[[cases]]
+name = "Base64-like type in a declaration"
+input = 'let response: PaymentMethodServiceEligibilityRequest;'
diff --git a/tests/accuracy_corpus_tests.rs b/tests/accuracy_corpus_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6444f09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/accuracy_corpus_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+use key_watch::{cli::ScanArgs, scanner::run_scan};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::fs;
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct Corpus {
+    cases: Vec<Case>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct Case {
+    name: String,
+    input: String,
+    detector: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn labeled_credentials_and_noncredentials_match_expected_scan_results() {
+    let corpus: Corpus = toml::from_str(include_str!("accuracy_corpus.toml")).unwrap();
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let path = directory.path().join("fixture.txt");
+    let mut true_positive = 0;
+    let mut true_negative = 0;
+    let mut false_positive = 0;
+    let mut false_negative = 0;
+    let mut failures = Vec::new();
+    for case in corpus.cases {
+        fs::write(&path, &case.input).unwrap();
+        let (findings, metadata) = run_scan(
+            &ScanArgs {
+                paths: vec![path.to_str().unwrap().to_string()],
+                no_config_discovery: true,
+                no_baseline_discovery: true,
+                ..Default::default()
+            },
+            None,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            metadata.is_complete(),
+            "{} has incomplete coverage",
+            case.name
+        );
+        match case.detector {
+            Some(detector)
+                if findings
+                    .iter()
+                    .any(|finding| finding.detector_name == detector) =>
+            {
+                true_positive += 1
+            }
+            Some(detector) => {
+                false_negative += 1;
+                failures.push(format!("{} misses {detector}", case.name));
+            }
+            None if findings.is_empty() => true_negative += 1,
+            None => {
+                false_positive += 1;
+                failures.push(format!("{} reports {} findings", case.name, findings.len()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    let precision = true_positive as f64 / (true_positive + false_positive) as f64;
+    let recall = true_positive as f64 / (true_positive + false_negative) as f64;
+    println!(
+        "Synthetic case results: TP={true_positive}, TN={true_negative}, FP={false_positive}, FN={false_negative}, precision={precision:.3}, recall={recall:.3}"
+    );
+    assert!(failures.is_empty(), "{}", failures.join("\n"));
+}
diff --git a/tests/baseline_tests.rs b/tests/baseline_tests.rs
index bf480f5..9ab608d 100644
--- a/tests/baseline_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/baseline_tests.rs
@@ -33,6 +33,145 @@ fn run_update_baseline(cwd: &Path, baseline_path: &Path) {
     );
 }
 
+fn check_credential_changes_against_baseline(staged: bool) {
+    let directory = tempdir().expect("create fixture directory");
+    let repository = directory.path().join("repository");
+    fs::create_dir(&repository).expect("create fixture repository");
+    let file = repository.join("credentials.txt");
+    let baseline = directory.path().join("baseline.json");
+    let report = directory.path().join("report.json");
+    if staged {
+        let output = Command::new("git")
+            .arg("--version")
+            .output()
+            .expect("Git is required for staged baseline tests");
+        assert!(output.status.success(), "git --version failed");
+        assert!(
+            Command::new("git")
+                .args(["init", "--quiet"])
+                .current_dir(&repository)
+                .status()
+                .expect("initialize fixture repository")
+                .success()
+        );
+    }
+    let stage_file = || {
+        if staged {
+            assert!(
+                Command::new("git")
+                    .args(["add", "--", "credentials.txt"])
+                    .current_dir(&repository)
+                    .status()
+                    .expect("stage fixture")
+                    .success()
+            );
+        }
+    };
+    let scan = |update: bool| {
+        let mut command = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"));
+        command.current_dir(&repository).args([
+            "scan",
+            "credentials.txt",
+            "--no-config-discovery",
+            "--no-baseline-discovery",
+            "--show-secrets",
+            "--baseline",
+        ]);
+        command.arg(&baseline);
+        if staged {
+            command.arg("--staged");
+        }
+        if update {
+            command.arg("--update-baseline");
+        } else {
+            command.arg("--output").arg(&report);
+        }
+        command.output().expect("scan baseline fixture")
+    };
+    for (original, changed, detector_name, expected_match) in [
+        (
+            r#"const DB_PASSWORD: &str = "OldHarmlessFixture783!";"#,
+            r#"const DB_PASSWORD: &str = "DifferentHarmlessFixture629!";"#,
+            "PasswordDetector",
+            r#"PASSWORD: &str = "DifferentHarmlessFixture629!""#,
+        ),
+        (
+            r#"api_key="aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7""#,
+            r#"api_key="aB3xK9mQ2pR7/z8""#,
+            "GenericKeyValueDetector",
+            r#"api_key="aB3xK9mQ2pR7/z8""#,
+        ),
+        (
+            "password: ${{ secrets.FIXTURE_TOKEN }}Literal783!",
+            "password: ${{ secrets.FIXTURE_TOKEN }}Literal629!",
+            "PasswordDetector",
+            "password: ${{ secrets.FIXTURE_TOKEN }}Literal629!",
+        ),
+        (
+            "password: ${{ secrets.FIXTURE_TOKEN }}: dummy",
+            "password: ${{ secrets.FIXTURE_TOKEN }}: placeholder",
+            "PasswordDetector",
+            "password: ${{ secrets.FIXTURE_TOKEN }}: placeholder",
+        ),
+        (
+            "api_key = aB3xK9mQ2pR7=dummy",
+            "api_key = aB3xK9mQ2pR7=placeholder",
+            "GenericKeyValueDetector",
+            "api_key = aB3xK9mQ2pR7=placeholder",
+        ),
+        (
+            "mongodb://user:Fixture783!@localhost:27017",
+            "mongodb://user:Fixture629!@localhost:27017",
+            "MongoDBConnectionStringDetector",
+            "mongodb://user:Fixture629!@localhost:27017",
+        ),
+    ] {
+        if baseline.exists() {
+            fs::remove_file(&baseline).expect("reset fixture baseline");
+        }
+        fs::write(&file, original).expect("write original credential");
+        stage_file();
+        let output = scan(true);
+        assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+
+        for content in [original.to_string(), format!("\n\n{original}")] {
+            fs::write(&file, content).expect("move unchanged credential");
+            stage_file();
+            let output = scan(false);
+            assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+            let data: serde_json::Value =
+                serde_json::from_slice(&fs::read(&report).expect("read report"))
+                    .expect("parse report");
+            assert!(data["findings"].as_array().unwrap().is_empty());
+            assert_eq!(data["suppressed_by_baseline"], 1);
+        }
+
+        fs::write(&file, format!("\n\n{changed}")).expect("change credential");
+        stage_file();
+        let output = scan(false);
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1), "{output:?}");
+        let data: serde_json::Value =
+            serde_json::from_slice(&fs::read(&report).expect("read changed report"))
+                .expect("parse changed report");
+        assert_eq!(data["suppressed_by_baseline"], 0);
+        assert!(data["findings"].as_array().unwrap().iter().any(|finding| {
+            finding["plugin_name"] == detector_name
+                && finding["matched_content"] == expected_match
+                && finding["line_number"] == 3
+        }));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_filesystem_baseline_suppresses_moved_values_but_not_changed_credentials() {
+    check_credential_changes_against_baseline(false);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_staged_baseline_suppresses_moved_values_but_not_changed_credentials() {
+    check_credential_changes_against_baseline(true);
+}
+
 fn make_finding(file: &str, line: usize, ftype: &str, content: &str, detector: &str) -> Finding {
     Finding {
         file_path: file.to_string(),
diff --git a/tests/detector_tests.rs b/tests/detector_tests.rs
index cb96fc3..377db2f 100644
--- a/tests/detector_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/detector_tests.rs
@@ -416,41 +416,6 @@ fn reported_by(line: &str) -> Vec<String> {
         .collect()
 }
 
-#[test]
-fn test_credit_card_requires_issuer_prefix_and_luhn() {
-    for card in [
-        "4111111111111111",    // Visa
-        "5500 0000 0000 0004", // Mastercard, space separated
-        "4111-1111-1111-1111", // dash separated
-        "378282246310005",     // Amex
-    ] {
-        assert!(
-            reported_by(card).contains(&"CreditCardDetector".to_string()),
-            "should detect card: {card}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    for card in ["6500000000000002", "6441111111111117"] {
-        assert!(
-            reported_by(card).contains(&"CreditCardDetector".to_string()),
-            "should detect Discover card: {card}"
-        );
-    }
-
-    for not_a_card in [
-        "4111111111111112",              // Visa prefix, fails Luhn
-        "1234567890123456",              // no issuer prefix
-        "6411111111111111",              // 641x is neither Discover nor UnionPay
-        "index aabbcc0..1111111 100644", // spans two unrelated numbers
-        "timestamp = 1700000000123",
-    ] {
-        assert!(
-            !reported_by(not_a_card).contains(&"CreditCardDetector".to_string()),
-            "should not detect card in: {not_a_card}"
-        );
-    }
-}
-
 #[test]
 fn test_phone_number_requires_separator_or_country_code() {
     for phone in ["call 415-123-4567", "(415) 123-4567", "+1 415 123 4567"] {
@@ -560,6 +525,8 @@ fn test_email_allowlists_documentation_domains_but_not_real_ones() {
         "alice@example.org",
         "reply-to: noreply@github.com",
         "author: 12345+user@users.noreply.github.com",
+        "sender: example@acme.io",
+        "qa: qa@test.com",
     ] {
         assert!(
             !reported_by(email).contains(&"EmailDetector".to_string()),
@@ -614,6 +581,130 @@ fn test_checksum_prefix_is_allowlisted_in_random_string() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_declarations_are_not_password_findings() {
+    for line in [
+        "optional SecretString password = 2;",
+        "pwd = 3;  // secondary credential",
+        "# sasl_password = \"\"",
+        "const password = `Cypress@${uniqueSuffix}`;",
+        "fn build(password: &str) -> Secret<String> {",
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            !reported_by(line).contains(&"PasswordDetector".to_string()),
+            "{line} must not report a password"
+        );
+    }
+    assert!(
+        reported_by("const db_pwd: &str = \"s3cr3tV4lue\"")
+            .contains(&"PasswordDetector".to_string()),
+        "a typed literal that holds a value is still reported"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_unquoted_references_are_not_generic_findings_but_literals_report() {
+    for line in [
+        "secret = globalState",
+        "Token = actualTokens",
+        "apiKey = authDetails",
+        "token: request_data_v2",
+        "config_key = VAULT_BACKEND_PATH",
+        "auth = transformers",
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            !reported_by(line).contains(&"GenericKeyValueDetector".to_string()),
+            "{line} must not report a generic secret"
+        );
+    }
+    for line in [
+        "api_key = \"kJ8s2mQ94xhTr3p\"",
+        "client_secret = \"deadbeefcafe12345678\"",
+        "record_key = \"audit_record\"",
+        "token = \"openai-api-key\"",
+        "_KEY = \"__array_state\"",
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            reported_by(line).contains(&"GenericKeyValueDetector".to_string()),
+            "{line} is a literal value and must still report"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_identifier_and_payload_shapes_are_not_base64_findings() {
+    for line in [
+        "let request = PaymentMethodServiceEligibilityRequest::default();",
+        "let mapping = OutgoingWebhookRetryProcessTrackerMapping::new();",
+        "let class = Ljava/security/MessageDigest;",
+        "let path = com/michaelkeevildown/9096cd3aac9029c4e6e05588448a8841;",
+        "let payload = eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjoiRUNfdjEiLCJ0eXBlIjoiY2FyZCI7",
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            !reported_by(line).contains(&"Base64Detector".to_string()),
+            "{line} must not report base64"
+        );
+    }
+    assert!(
+        reported_by("let blob = zR366ckK8GIf3BG7sVI6u/9751z4OvBHZMM9JFWa7Bx/RCPQ8aeM+iJoqf9auuQm;")
+            .contains(&"Base64Detector".to_string()),
+        "word-less base64 with a plus sign is still reported"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_quoted_identifiers_are_not_random_string_findings() {
+    for line in [
+        r#"topic = "internal-service-event-bus-topic-name""#,
+        r#"title = "createUserProfileSettingsRegressionTest""#,
+        r#"reason = "AUTHENTICATION_ATTEMPTED_BUT_NOT_SUCCESSFUL""#,
+        r#"name = "internationalizationconfigurationmanager""#,
+        r#"checksum = "SHA-256=0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef""#,
+        r#"id = "6d8b0a1e-6f5f-4d67-9d1e-2f0b6a1c9e33""#,
+        r#"digest = "5baa61e4c9b93f3f0682250b6cf8331b7ee68fd8""#,
+        r#"payload = "eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjoiRUNfdjEiLCJ0eXBlIjoiY2FyZCI7""#,
+    ] {
+        assert!(
+            !reported_by(line).contains(&"RandomString".to_string()),
+            "{line} must not report a random string"
+        );
+    }
+    assert!(
+        reported_by(r#"token = "A1b2C3d4E5f6G7h8I9j0K1l2M3n4O5p6Q7r8S9t0""#)
+            .contains(&"RandomString".to_string()),
+        "a mixed-case quoted value with digits is still reported"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_certificate_mentions_in_prose_are_not_findings() {
+    let prose = "// Text-based PEM encoded certificate (starts with -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----)";
+    assert!(
+        !reported_by(prose).contains(&"CertificateDetector".to_string()),
+        "a marker mentioned inside prose must not report"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        reported_by("  -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----").contains(&"CertificateDetector".to_string()),
+        "a marker at the start of a line is still reported"
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_placeholder_jwt_signatures_are_not_findings() {
+    assert!(
+        !reported_by("eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxIn0.abc")
+            .contains(&"JWTokenDetector".to_string()),
+        "a short placeholder signature must not report"
+    );
+    assert!(
+        reported_by(
+            "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxIn0.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFG"
+        )
+        .contains(&"JWTokenDetector".to_string()),
+        "a full-length signature is still reported"
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_supabase_service_role_key_requires_service_role_claim() {
     // The claim is JSON inside the base64url payload, so its encoded bytes
@@ -814,7 +905,7 @@ fn test_adyen_username_and_bare_rzp_prefix_do_not_report() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_ip_address_validates_every_octet() {
-    for ip in ["10.0.0.1", "192.168.1.1", "255.255.255.255", "0.0.0.0"] {
+    for ip in ["10.0.0.1", "192.168.1.1", "255.255.255.255", "172.16.0.1"] {
         assert!(
             reported_by(ip).contains(&"IPAddressDetector".to_string()),
             "valid address must report: {ip}"
@@ -831,6 +922,12 @@ fn test_ip_address_validates_every_octet() {
             "invalid address must not report: {not_an_ip}"
         );
     }
+    for placeholder in ["127.0.0.1", "127.9.9.9", "0.0.0.0"] {
+        assert!(
+            !reported_by(placeholder).contains(&"IPAddressDetector".to_string()),
+            "loopback and unspecified addresses must not report: {placeholder}"
+        );
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -995,7 +1092,7 @@ fn test_every_format_detector_fires_on_a_realistic_sample() {
         ),
         (
             "JWTokenDetector",
-            "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxIn0.abc",
+            "eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxIn0.abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFG",
         ),
         ("SSHPrivateKeyDetector", "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----"),
         ("DatabaseURLDetector", "postgres://user:pass@host/db"),
diff --git a/tests/hardening_tests.rs b/tests/hardening_tests.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a94b5ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/hardening_tests.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,848 @@
+use std::fs;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::process::{Command, Output};
+use tempfile::TempDir;
+
+fn git(repo: &Path, args: &[&str]) {
+    let output = Command::new("git")
+        .current_dir(repo)
+        .args([
+            "-c",
+            "core.hooksPath=/dev/null",
+            "-c",
+            "commit.gpgsign=false",
+        ])
+        .args(args)
+        .output()
+        .expect("Git is required for hardening tests");
+    assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+}
+
+fn repository() -> TempDir {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["init", "--quiet"]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["config", "user.name", "Fixture"]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["config", "user.email", "fixture@example.com"]);
+    dir
+}
+
+fn scan(repo: &Path, args: &[&str]) -> (Output, serde_json::Value) {
+    let output = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+        .current_dir(repo)
+        .args([
+            "scan",
+            "--no-config-discovery",
+            "--no-baseline-discovery",
+            "--verbose",
+        ])
+        .args(args)
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    let report = serde_json::from_slice(&output.stdout)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("expected JSON report: {output:?}"));
+    (output, report)
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn git_configuration_cannot_change_exclusion_paths_or_line_numbers() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("credentials.env"),
+        "first\nsecond\nthird\nfourth\nfifth\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Fixture"]);
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("credentials.env"),
+        "changed\nsecond\nthird\nfourth\nAWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["config", "diff.srcPrefix", "other/"]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["config", "diff.dstPrefix", "vendor/"]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["config", "diff.interHunkContext", "10"]);
+    let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &["--staged", "--exclude", "vendor/**"]);
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert!(
+        report["findings"]
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|finding| {
+                finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector"
+                    && finding["file_path"] == "credentials.env"
+                    && finding["line_number"] == 5
+            })
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn incomplete_scans_never_report_pass_and_explicit_failure_overrides_severity_policy() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("binary.dat"), b"data\0data").unwrap();
+    for mode in ["strict", "critical", "always"] {
+        let (output, report) = scan(
+            dir.path(),
+            &[".", "--exit-mode", mode, "--fail-on-unscannable"],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1), "{mode}");
+        assert_eq!(report["status"], "INCOMPLETE");
+        assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "INCOMPLETE");
+        assert_eq!(report["finding_status"], "PASS");
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn shallow_history_is_disclosed_and_fails_closed_when_requested() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("credentials.env"),
+        "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Old fixture"]);
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("credentials.env"), "clean\n").unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Clean fixture"]);
+    let clone_parent = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let clone = clone_parent.path().join("shallow");
+    git(
+        clone_parent.path(),
+        &[
+            "clone",
+            "--quiet",
+            "--depth",
+            "1",
+            &format!("file://{}", dir.path().display()),
+            clone.to_str().unwrap(),
+        ],
+    );
+    let (output, report) = scan(
+        &clone,
+        &[
+            "--git-history",
+            "--fail-on-unscannable",
+            "--exit-mode",
+            "critical",
+        ],
+    );
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "INCOMPLETE");
+    assert!(
+        report["coverage_warnings"]
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|warning| warning.as_str().unwrap().contains("shallow"))
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn historical_text_marked_binary_is_scanned_from_its_committed_blob() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join(".gitattributes"), "credentials.env -diff\n").unwrap();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("credentials.env"),
+        "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Secret fixture"]);
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("credentials.env"), "clean\n").unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Clean fixture"]);
+    let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &["--git-history", "--fail-on-unscannable"]);
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert!(
+        report["findings"]
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|finding| {
+                finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector"
+                    && finding["file_path"] == "credentials.env"
+            })
+    );
+    assert_eq!(report["unscannable"]["count"], 0);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn incomplete_scan_does_not_replace_an_existing_baseline() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("binary.dat"), b"data\0data").unwrap();
+    let baseline = dir.path().join("accepted.json");
+    let original = b"{\"version\":\"1.0\",\"entries\":[]}";
+    fs::write(&baseline, original).unwrap();
+    let output = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+        .current_dir(dir.path())
+        .args([
+            "scan",
+            "binary.dat",
+            "--baseline",
+            baseline.to_str().unwrap(),
+            "--no-config-discovery",
+            "--update-baseline",
+        ])
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(2));
+    assert_eq!(fs::read(baseline).unwrap(), original);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn input_limits_apply_to_files_and_staged_text_without_overflow() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    let content = format!(
+        "{}AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP\n",
+        "# ordinary\n".repeat(110_000)
+    );
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("large.env"), content).unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    for mode in [vec!["large.env"], vec!["--staged"]] {
+        let mut args = mode;
+        args.extend(["--max-file-size", "1", "--fail-on-unscannable"]);
+        let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &args);
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+        assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "INCOMPLETE");
+        assert_eq!(report["unscannable"]["count"], 1);
+    }
+    let output = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+        .current_dir(dir.path())
+        .args([
+            "scan",
+            "large.env",
+            "--no-config-discovery",
+            "--max-file-size",
+            "17592186044416",
+        ])
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(2));
+    assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).contains("size"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn cross_line_rules_and_line_anchors_do_not_depend_on_regex_spelling() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("input.txt"),
+        format!(
+            "ordinary\nBEGIN\n{}END\nINT_ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST\n",
+            "ordinary\n".repeat(1100)
+        ),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    for (pattern, expected) in [
+        (r"BEGIN\n(?:ordinary\n)*END", "BEGIN\n"),
+        (r"BEGIN[\s\S]*?END", "BEGIN\n"),
+        (r"(?s:BEGIN.*?END)", "BEGIN\n"),
+        (r"^(?P<secret>INT_[A-Z]{20})$", "INT_ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST"),
+        (r"(?i-s)^INT_[A-Z]{20}$", "INT_ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRST"),
+    ] {
+        let config = dir.path().join("rule.toml");
+        fs::write(&config, format!("[[rules]]\nname = 'CrossLineFixture'\nfinding_type = 'Fixture'\npattern = '{pattern}'\n")).unwrap();
+        let (output, report) = scan(
+            dir.path(),
+            &[
+                "input.txt",
+                "--show-secrets",
+                "--config",
+                config.to_str().unwrap(),
+            ],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+        assert!(
+            report["findings"]
+                .as_array()
+                .unwrap()
+                .iter()
+                .any(|finding| {
+                    finding["plugin_name"] == "CrossLineFixture"
+                        && finding["matched_content"]
+                            .as_str()
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .starts_with(expected)
+                }),
+            "{pattern}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn oversized_lines_fail_instead_of_truncating_and_reporting_clean() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("long.txt"), "x".repeat(1024 * 1024 + 1)).unwrap();
+    let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &["long.txt", "--fail-on-unscannable"]);
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert_eq!(report["status"], "INCOMPLETE");
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn report_and_baseline_writes_do_not_follow_destination_symlinks() {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::symlink;
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("clean.txt"), "ordinary\n").unwrap();
+    let target = dir.path().join("owned.txt");
+    let original = b"{\"version\":\"1.0\",\"entries\":[]}";
+    fs::write(&target, original).unwrap();
+    let link = dir.path().join("output.json");
+    symlink(&target, &link).unwrap();
+    for args in [
+        vec!["-o", link.to_str().unwrap()],
+        vec!["--baseline", link.to_str().unwrap(), "--update-baseline"],
+    ] {
+        let output = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+            .current_dir(dir.path())
+            .args(["scan", "clean.txt", "--no-config-discovery"])
+            .args(args)
+            .output()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(2));
+        assert_eq!(fs::read(&target).unwrap(), original);
+        assert!(
+            fs::symlink_metadata(&link)
+                .unwrap()
+                .file_type()
+                .is_symlink()
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn unknown_override_names_fail_instead_of_silently_changing_policy() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("clean.txt"), "ordinary\n").unwrap();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("config.toml"),
+        "[overrides.MisspelledDetector]\nenabled = false\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let output = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+        .current_dir(dir.path())
+        .args([
+            "scan",
+            "clean.txt",
+            "--no-config-discovery",
+            "--config",
+            "config.toml",
+        ])
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(2));
+    assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).contains("MisspelledDetector"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn duplicate_detector_names_are_configuration_errors() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("clean.txt"), "ordinary\n").unwrap();
+    for (name, config) in [
+        (
+            "AWSKeyDetector",
+            "[[rules]]\nname = 'AWSKeyDetector'\npattern = 'fixture'\nfinding_type = 'Fixture'\n",
+        ),
+        (
+            "RepeatedFixture",
+            "[[rules]]\nname = 'RepeatedFixture'\npattern = 'fixture'\nfinding_type = 'Fixture'\n[[rules]]\nname = 'RepeatedFixture'\npattern = 'other'\nfinding_type = 'Fixture'\n",
+        ),
+    ] {
+        fs::write(dir.path().join("config.toml"), config).unwrap();
+        let output = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+            .current_dir(dir.path())
+            .args([
+                "scan",
+                "clean.txt",
+                "--no-config-discovery",
+                "--config",
+                "config.toml",
+            ])
+            .output()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(2));
+        assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).contains(name));
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn skipped_symlinks_make_directory_coverage_incomplete() {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::symlink;
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    symlink("missing.txt", dir.path().join("linked.txt")).unwrap();
+    let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &[".", "--fail-on-unscannable"]);
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert_eq!(report["status"], "INCOMPLETE");
+    assert_eq!(report["unscannable"]["count"], 1);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn nonfinite_entropy_thresholds_are_configuration_errors() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("clean.txt"), "ordinary\n").unwrap();
+    for threshold in ["nan", "inf", "-inf"] {
+        fs::write(
+            dir.path().join("config.toml"),
+            format!("[[rules]]\nname = 'EntropyFixture'\npattern = 'fixture'\nfinding_type = 'Fixture'\nentropy = {threshold}\n"),
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let output = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+            .current_dir(dir.path())
+            .args([
+                "scan",
+                "clean.txt",
+                "--no-config-discovery",
+                "--config",
+                "config.toml",
+            ])
+            .output()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(2), "{threshold}: {output:?}");
+        assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).contains("EntropyFixture"));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn binary_filenames_with_separator_text_cannot_become_lockfile_exclusions() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    let name = "credentials and Cargo.lock";
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join(".gitattributes"),
+        "\"credentials and Cargo.lock\" -diff\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join(name),
+        "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &["--staged"]);
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert!(
+        report["findings"]
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|finding| finding["file_path"] == name
+                && finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector")
+    );
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Secret fixture"]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["rm", "--quiet", name]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Deleted fixture"]);
+    let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &["--git-history"]);
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert!(
+        report["findings"]
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|finding| finding["file_path"] == name
+                && finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector")
+    );
+}
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn git_control_character_filenames_preserve_staged_and_deleted_history_paths() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    let mut attributes = String::new();
+    let mut names = Vec::new();
+    for (escape, character) in [
+        ('a', '\u{7}'),
+        ('b', '\u{8}'),
+        ('f', '\u{c}'),
+        ('v', '\u{b}'),
+    ] {
+        let name = format!("credentials{character}.env");
+        attributes.push_str(&format!("\"credentials\\{escape}.env\" -diff\n"));
+        fs::write(
+            dir.path().join(&name),
+            "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP\n",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        names.push(name);
+    }
+    fs::write(dir.path().join(".gitattributes"), attributes).unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &["--staged", "--fail-on-unscannable"]);
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "COMPLETE");
+    for name in &names {
+        assert!(
+            report["findings"]
+                .as_array()
+                .unwrap()
+                .iter()
+                .any(|finding| {
+                    finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector" && finding["file_path"] == *name
+                }),
+            "Missing staged path: {name:?}"
+        );
+    }
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Add fixture"]);
+    for name in &names {
+        fs::remove_file(dir.path().join(name)).unwrap();
+    }
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Delete fixture"]);
+    let (output, report) = scan(
+        dir.path(),
+        &[
+            "--git-history",
+            "--rev-range",
+            "HEAD~1..HEAD",
+            "--fail-on-unscannable",
+        ],
+    );
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "COMPLETE");
+    for name in names {
+        assert!(
+            report["findings"]
+                .as_array()
+                .unwrap()
+                .iter()
+                .any(|finding| {
+                    finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector" && finding["file_path"] == name
+                }),
+            "Missing deleted path: {name:?}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn decoded_multiline_findings_use_the_encoded_source_line() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("input.txt"),
+        "ordinary\nb3JkaW5hcnkKQkVHSU4KRU5ECg==\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("rule.toml"),
+        "[[rules]]\nname = 'DecodedFixture'\nfinding_type = 'Fixture'\npattern = 'BEGIN\\nEND'\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let (_, report) = scan(dir.path(), &["input.txt", "--config", "rule.toml"]);
+    let finding = report["findings"]
+        .as_array()
+        .unwrap()
+        .iter()
+        .find(|finding| finding["plugin_name"] == "DecodedFixture")
+        .unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(finding["line_number"], 2);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn staged_size_limit_applies_to_the_post_image_not_the_previous_blob() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("input.txt"), "ordinary\n".repeat(140_000)).unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Large fixture"]);
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("input.txt"),
+        "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    let (output, report) = scan(
+        dir.path(),
+        &["--staged", "--max-file-size", "1", "--fail-on-unscannable"],
+    );
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "COMPLETE");
+    assert!(
+        report["findings"]
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|finding| finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector")
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn line_limits_count_content_not_git_prefixes_or_line_endings() {
+    use std::io::Write;
+    use std::process::Stdio;
+
+    const LIMIT: usize = 1024 * 1024;
+    let credential = "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP";
+    for ending in ["\r", "", "\n", "\r\n"] {
+        for extra_byte in [0, 1] {
+            let dir = repository();
+            let content = format!(
+                "+{}{credential}{ending}",
+                "#".repeat(LIMIT - credential.len() - 1 - usize::from(ending == "\r") + extra_byte)
+            );
+            fs::write(dir.path().join("boundary.env"), &content).unwrap();
+            git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+            git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Boundary fixture"]);
+            for arguments in [
+                vec!["boundary.env", "--fail-on-unscannable"],
+                vec!["--git-history", "--fail-on-unscannable"],
+            ] {
+                let output = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+                    .current_dir(dir.path())
+                    .args([
+                        "scan",
+                        "--no-config-discovery",
+                        "--no-baseline-discovery",
+                        "--verbose",
+                    ])
+                    .args(arguments)
+                    .output()
+                    .unwrap();
+                check_boundary_scan(&output, extra_byte == 0);
+            }
+            git(dir.path(), &["rm", "--cached", "boundary.env"]);
+            git(
+                dir.path(),
+                &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Remove boundary fixture"],
+            );
+            git(dir.path(), &["add", "boundary.env"]);
+            let output = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+                .current_dir(dir.path())
+                .args([
+                    "scan",
+                    "--staged",
+                    "--no-config-discovery",
+                    "--no-baseline-discovery",
+                    "--verbose",
+                    "--fail-on-unscannable",
+                ])
+                .output()
+                .unwrap();
+            check_boundary_scan(&output, extra_byte == 0);
+
+            let mut child = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+                .args([
+                    "scan",
+                    "--stdin",
+                    "--no-config-discovery",
+                    "--no-baseline-discovery",
+                    "--verbose",
+                ])
+                .stdin(Stdio::piped())
+                .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+                .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+                .spawn()
+                .unwrap();
+            child
+                .stdin
+                .take()
+                .unwrap()
+                .write_all(content.as_bytes())
+                .unwrap();
+            check_boundary_scan(&child.wait_with_output().unwrap(), extra_byte == 0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn check_boundary_scan(output: &Output, accepted: bool) {
+    if accepted {
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1), "{output:?}");
+        let report: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(&output.stdout).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "COMPLETE");
+        assert!(
+            report["findings"]
+                .as_array()
+                .unwrap()
+                .iter()
+                .any(|finding| {
+                    finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector" && finding["line_number"] == 1
+                })
+        );
+    } else if let Ok(report) = serde_json::from_slice::<serde_json::Value>(&output.stdout) {
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+        assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "INCOMPLETE");
+    } else {
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(2), "{output:?}");
+        assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).contains("Line exceeds"));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn git_preserves_unterminated_carriage_return_content() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("ending.env"), "TRAILING\r").unwrap();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("rules.toml"),
+        "[[rules]]\nname = 'CarriageReturnFixture'\nfinding_type = 'Fixture'\npattern = 'TRAILING\\r$'\n",
+    ).unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "ending.env"]);
+    for mode in ["ending.env", "--staged", "--git-history"] {
+        if mode == "--git-history" {
+            git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "CR fixture"]);
+        }
+        let (output, report) = scan(
+            dir.path(),
+            &[mode, "--config", "rules.toml", "--show-secrets"],
+        );
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1), "{mode}: {output:?}");
+        assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "COMPLETE");
+        assert!(
+            report["findings"]
+                .as_array()
+                .unwrap()
+                .iter()
+                .any(|finding| {
+                    finding["plugin_name"] == "CarriageReturnFixture"
+                        && finding["matched_content"] == "TRAILING\r"
+                }),
+            "{mode}: {report}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn gitlinks_are_unscannable_without_hiding_ordinary_file_findings() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("credentials.env"), "ordinary text\n").unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Initial fixture"]);
+    let revision = Command::new("git")
+        .current_dir(dir.path())
+        .args(["rev-parse", "HEAD"])
+        .output()
+        .unwrap();
+    assert!(revision.status.success());
+    let oid = String::from_utf8(revision.stdout).unwrap();
+    let credential = ["AKIA", "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP"].concat();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("credentials.env"),
+        format!("AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID={credential}\n"),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "credentials.env"]);
+    git(
+        dir.path(),
+        &[
+            "update-index",
+            "--add",
+            "--cacheinfo",
+            "160000",
+            oid.trim(),
+            "dependency",
+        ],
+    );
+    for history in [false, true] {
+        if history {
+            git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Gitlink fixture"]);
+        }
+        let args = if history {
+            vec![
+                "--git-history",
+                "--rev-range",
+                "HEAD~1..HEAD",
+                "--fail-on-unscannable",
+            ]
+        } else {
+            vec!["--staged", "--fail-on-unscannable"]
+        };
+        let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &args);
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1), "{output:?}");
+        assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "INCOMPLETE");
+        assert_eq!(report["unscannable"]["count"], 1);
+        assert_eq!(report["unscannable"]["sample"][0], "dependency");
+        assert!(
+            report["findings"]
+                .as_array()
+                .unwrap()
+                .iter()
+                .any(|finding| {
+                    finding["file_path"] == "credentials.env"
+                        && finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector"
+                })
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn directory_visit_budget_is_shared_across_explicit_roots() {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let roots = [dir.path().join("first"), dir.path().join("second")];
+    for root in &roots {
+        fs::create_dir(root).unwrap();
+        for index in 0..500 {
+            fs::create_dir(root.join(format!("empty-{index}"))).unwrap();
+        }
+        let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &[root.to_str().unwrap()]);
+        assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+        assert_eq!(report["coverage"], "COMPLETE");
+    }
+    let mut command = Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"));
+    command.current_dir(dir.path()).args([
+        "scan",
+        "--no-config-discovery",
+        "--no-baseline-discovery",
+        "--exit-mode",
+        "always",
+    ]);
+    for root in &roots {
+        for _ in 0..100 {
+            command.arg(root);
+        }
+    }
+    let output = command.output().unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(2), "{output:?}");
+    assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).contains("scan budget"));
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn lockfile_inclusion_is_explicit_and_consistent_across_modes() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("Cargo.lock"),
+        "AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    git(dir.path(), &["add", "."]);
+    for mode in ["Cargo.lock", "--staged"] {
+        let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &[mode]);
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(0));
+        assert_eq!(report["excluded"]["count"], 1);
+        let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &[mode, "--scan-lockfiles"]);
+        assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+        assert!(
+            report["findings"]
+                .as_array()
+                .unwrap()
+                .iter()
+                .any(|finding| finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector")
+        );
+    }
+    git(dir.path(), &["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Lockfile fixture"]);
+    let (output, report) = scan(dir.path(), &["--git-history", "--scan-lockfiles"]);
+    assert_eq!(output.status.code(), Some(1));
+    assert!(
+        report["findings"]
+            .as_array()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .any(|finding| finding["plugin_name"] == "AWSKeyDetector")
+    );
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn report_rule_fingerprint_is_stable_and_changes_with_detector_policy() {
+    let dir = repository();
+    fs::write(dir.path().join("clean.txt"), "ordinary\n").unwrap();
+    let (_, original) = scan(dir.path(), &["clean.txt"]);
+    let (_, repeated) = scan(dir.path(), &["clean.txt"]);
+    assert_eq!(
+        original["detector_fingerprint"],
+        repeated["detector_fingerprint"]
+    );
+    fs::write(
+        dir.path().join("policy.toml"),
+        "[overrides.PasswordDetector]\nseverity = 'LOW'\n",
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let (_, changed) = scan(dir.path(), &["clean.txt", "--config", "policy.toml"]);
+    assert_ne!(
+        original["detector_fingerprint"],
+        changed["detector_fingerprint"]
+    );
+}
diff --git a/tests/hooks_tests.rs b/tests/hooks_tests.rs
index 3159311..23c2101 100644
--- a/tests/hooks_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/hooks_tests.rs
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ fn test_pre_push_uses_named_remote_push_url_when_argv_url_is_absent() {
     assert_eq!(
         fs::read_to_string(&marker).expect("read scanner args"),
         format!(
-            "scan --git-history --rev-range {remote_sha}..{local_sha} --exit-mode critical --no-config-discovery\n"
+            "scan --git-history --rev-range {remote_sha}..{local_sha} --exit-mode critical --no-config-discovery --fail-on-unscannable\n"
         )
     );
     fs::remove_dir_all(&temp_dir).expect("cleanup temp dir");
@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ fn test_pre_push_scans_unnormalizable_remote_when_no_filters_exist() {
     assert_eq!(
         fs::read_to_string(&marker).expect("read scanner args"),
         format!(
-            "scan --git-history --rev-range {local_sha} --exit-mode critical --no-config-discovery\n"
+            "scan --git-history --rev-range {local_sha} --exit-mode critical --no-config-discovery --fail-on-unscannable\n"
         ),
         "a new ref (all-zero remote sha) must scan the full reachable history"
     );
@@ -969,3 +969,49 @@ fn test_pre_push_scans_only_the_pushed_range_end_to_end() {
 
     fs::remove_dir_all(&temp_dir).expect("cleanup temp dir");
 }
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn test_pre_push_blocks_incomplete_history_without_findings() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create fixture directory");
+    let git = real_git_path();
+    let run_git = |args: &[&str]| {
+        let output = std::process::Command::new(&git)
+            .args([
+                "-c",
+                "core.hooksPath=/dev/null",
+                "-c",
+                "commit.gpgsign=false",
+            ])
+            .args(args)
+            .current_dir(directory.path())
+            .output()
+            .expect("run git");
+        assert!(
+            output.status.success(),
+            "{}",
+            String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+        );
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).trim().to_string()
+    };
+    run_git(&["init", "--quiet"]);
+    run_git(&["config", "user.email", "fixture@example.com"]);
+    run_git(&["config", "user.name", "Fixture"]);
+    fs::write(directory.path().join("image.dat"), b"ordinary\0binary").unwrap();
+    run_git(&["add", "image.dat"]);
+    run_git(&["commit", "--quiet", "-m", "Binary fixture"]);
+    let tip = run_git(&["rev-parse", "HEAD"]);
+    let hook = generate_pre_push_hook(&hook_install_args(HookType::PrePush, None, None, None));
+    let output = run_hook_with_packaged_keywatch(
+        &hook,
+        directory.path(),
+        &format!("refs/heads/main {tip} refs/heads/main {ZERO_SHA}\n"),
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        output.status.code(),
+        Some(1),
+        "{}",
+        String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
+    );
+    assert!(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr).contains("incomplete coverage"));
+}
diff --git a/tests/report_tests.rs b/tests/report_tests.rs
index 9f475a1..30641ac 100644
--- a/tests/report_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/report_tests.rs
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ fn test_create_report() {
         excluded_files: vec![],
         unscannable_files: vec![],
         suppressed_by_baseline: 0,
+        ..Default::default()
     };
 
     let report = create_report(findings, metadata, "0.5s".to_string(), false)
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ fn test_report_with_findings() {
         excluded_files: vec![],
         unscannable_files: vec![],
         suppressed_by_baseline: 0,
+        ..Default::default()
     };
 
     let report = create_report(findings, metadata, "0.1s".to_string(), false)
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@ fn test_create_report_includes_excluded_files_and_plugin_metadata() {
         excluded_files: vec!["ignored.log".to_string(), "vendor/secrets.txt".to_string()],
         unscannable_files: vec![],
         suppressed_by_baseline: 0,
+        ..Default::default()
     };
 
     let report = create_report(findings, metadata, "1.2s".to_string(), false)
@@ -112,6 +115,7 @@ fn test_create_sarif_report_uses_camel_case_fields_and_hides_matched_content() {
         excluded_files: vec!["skip.log".to_string()],
         unscannable_files: vec!["blob.bin".to_string()],
         suppressed_by_baseline: 3,
+        ..Default::default()
     };
 
     let sarif = create_sarif_report(findings, metadata, "2026-08-01T00:00:00Z".to_string())
@@ -132,31 +136,14 @@ fn test_create_sarif_report_uses_camel_case_fields_and_hides_matched_content() {
     assert!(driver.get("semantic_version").is_none());
 
     let properties = &json["runs"][0]["properties"];
-    let property_keys: Vec<&str> = properties
-        .as_object()
-        .expect("run properties object")
-        .keys()
-        .map(String::as_str)
-        .collect();
-    assert_eq!(
-        property_keys,
-        vec![
-            "excludedFiles",
-            "filesScanned",
-            "scanTime",
-            "status",
-            "suppressedByBaseline",
-            "totalLines",
-            "unscannableFiles",
-        ],
-        "run scan counts must serialize in deterministic key order"
-    );
     assert_eq!(properties["filesScanned"], 5);
     assert_eq!(properties["totalLines"], 120);
     assert_eq!(properties["excludedFiles"], 1);
     assert_eq!(properties["unscannableFiles"], 1);
     assert_eq!(properties["suppressedByBaseline"], 3);
-    assert_eq!(properties["status"], "fail");
+    assert_eq!(properties["status"], "incomplete");
+    assert_eq!(properties["coverage"], "incomplete");
+    assert_eq!(properties["findingStatus"], "fail");
 
     let result = &json["runs"][0]["results"][0];
     assert_eq!(result["ruleId"], "AWS Key");
@@ -235,6 +222,7 @@ fn test_create_sarif_report_maps_all_severities_to_expected_levels() {
         excluded_files: vec![],
         unscannable_files: vec![],
         suppressed_by_baseline: 0,
+        ..Default::default()
     };
 
     let sarif = create_sarif_report(findings, metadata, "2026-08-01T00:00:00Z".to_string())
@@ -319,6 +307,29 @@ fn test_get_severity_counts_groups_high_medium_low() {
     );
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn sarif_locations_encode_filename_characters_instead_of_uri_fragments() {
+    let finding = Finding {
+        file_path: "src/secret #é%.rs".to_string(),
+        line_number: 1,
+        finding_type: "Credential".to_string(),
+        severity: Severity::High,
+        matched_content: "synthetic".to_string(),
+        detector_name: "FixtureDetector".to_string(),
+    };
+    let report = create_sarif_report(
+        vec![finding],
+        ScanMetadata::default(),
+        "fixture".to_string(),
+    )
+    .unwrap();
+    let json = parse_json(&report);
+    assert_eq!(
+        json["runs"][0]["results"][0]["locations"][0]["physicalLocation"]["artifactLocation"]["uri"],
+        "src/secret%20%23%C3%A9%25.rs"
+    );
+}
+
 #[test]
 fn test_redact_shows_no_prefix_for_short_matches() {
     // Below eight characters a four-character prefix would reveal most or
diff --git a/tests/scanner_tests.rs b/tests/scanner_tests.rs
index 2a0d572..be6f7a4 100644
--- a/tests/scanner_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/scanner_tests.rs
@@ -85,6 +85,307 @@ fn detectors_config_path() -> PathBuf {
     Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("detectors.toml")
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_typed_password_findings_include_the_complete_literal() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create fixture directory");
+    let file = directory.path().join("credentials.rs");
+    for declaration in [
+        r#"const DB_PASSWORD: &str = "OldHarmlessFixture783!";"#,
+        r#"const DB_PASSWORD: &'static str = "OldHarmlessFixture783!";"#,
+        r#"const DB_PASSWORD: &str = "Harmless\"Fixture783!";"#,
+    ] {
+        fs::write(&file, declaration).expect("write fixture");
+        let args = ScanArgs {
+            paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+            no_config_discovery: true,
+            no_baseline_discovery: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let (findings, _) = run_scan(&args, None).expect("scan typed password");
+        let password = findings
+            .iter()
+            .find(|finding| finding.detector_name == "PasswordDetector")
+            .expect("report the typed password");
+        assert_eq!(
+            password.matched_content,
+            declaration
+                .strip_prefix("const DB_")
+                .unwrap()
+                .trim_end_matches(';')
+        );
+        assert_eq!(password.line_number, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_password_assignments_include_complete_quoted_and_bare_values() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create fixture directory");
+    let file = directory.path().join("credentials.txt");
+    for assignment in [
+        r#"pwd="Harmless\"Fixture783!""#,
+        r#"pwd='Harmless\'Fixture783!'"#,
+        "pwd=Correct-Horse-Battery-Staple",
+        r#"PWD: &str = "OldHarmlessFixture783!""#,
+        r#"PWD: &'static str = "OldHarmlessFixture783!""#,
+        r#"PWD: "Correct-Horse-Battery-Staple""#,
+    ] {
+        fs::write(&file, assignment).expect("write fixture");
+        let args = ScanArgs {
+            paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+            no_config_discovery: true,
+            no_baseline_discovery: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let (findings, _) = run_scan(&args, None).expect("scan password");
+        assert!(findings.iter().any(|finding| {
+            finding.detector_name == "PasswordDetector" && finding.matched_content == assignment
+        }));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_empty_password_literals_and_shell_directory_references_do_not_report() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create fixture directory");
+    let file = directory.path().join("credentials.txt");
+    for content in [
+        r#"const DB_PASSWORD: &str = "";"#,
+        r#"const DB_PASSWORD: &'static str = "";"#,
+        r#"const PWD: &'static str = "";"#,
+        r#""password": """#,
+        "password = ''",
+        r#"docker --volume "$PWD:/app""#,
+    ] {
+        fs::write(&file, content).expect("write fixture");
+        let args = ScanArgs {
+            paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+            no_config_discovery: true,
+            no_baseline_discovery: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let (findings, _) = run_scan(&args, None).expect("scan noncredential");
+        assert!(
+            !findings
+                .iter()
+                .any(|finding| finding.detector_name == "PasswordDetector"),
+            "{content} must not report a password: {findings:?}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_generic_credentials_include_complete_values_and_key_aliases() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create fixture directory");
+    let file = directory.path().join("credentials.txt");
+    for assignment in [
+        r#"api_key="aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7""#,
+        r#"api_key='aB3xK9mQ2pR7+q7='"#,
+        "api_key=aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7",
+        r#"apikey = "aB3xK9mQ2pR7""#,
+        r#"accesskey = "aB3xK9mQ2pR7""#,
+        r#"securitykey = "aB3xK9mQ2pR7""#,
+        r#""api_key": "aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7""#,
+        r#""apikey": "aB3xK9mQ2pR7+q7=""#,
+        r#"api_key="wJalrXUtnFEMI/aB3xK9mQ2pR7""#,
+    ] {
+        fs::write(&file, assignment).expect("write fixture");
+        let args = ScanArgs {
+            paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+            no_config_discovery: true,
+            no_baseline_discovery: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let (findings, _) = run_scan(&args, None).expect("scan credential");
+        let credential = findings
+            .iter()
+            .find(|finding| finding.detector_name == "GenericKeyValueDetector")
+            .expect("report the generic credential");
+        assert_eq!(
+            credential.matched_content,
+            assignment.trim_start_matches('"')
+        );
+        assert_eq!(credential.line_number, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_json_credentials_on_one_line_report_separate_complete_values() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create fixture directory");
+    let file = directory.path().join("credentials.json");
+    fs::write(
+        &file,
+        r#"{"password":"hunter2", "api_key":"aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7"}"#,
+    )
+    .expect("write fixture");
+    let args = ScanArgs {
+        paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+        no_config_discovery: true,
+        no_baseline_discovery: true,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let (findings, _) = run_scan(&args, None).expect("scan JSON credentials");
+    for (name, matched_content) in [
+        ("PasswordDetector", r#"password":"hunter2""#),
+        ("GenericKeyValueDetector", r#"api_key":"aB3xK9mQ2pR7/q7""#),
+    ] {
+        assert!(findings.iter().any(|finding| {
+            finding.detector_name == name
+                && finding.matched_content == matched_content
+                && finding.line_number == 1
+        }));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_credential_literals_do_not_borrow_identifier_or_placeholder_exemptions() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create fixture directory");
+    let file = directory.path().join("credentials.env");
+    for (assignment, detector_name) in [
+        (r#"api_key = "q7m2_c9v8_x5z1""#, "GenericKeyValueDetector"),
+        (
+            "api_key = aB3xK9mQ2pR7=placeholder",
+            "GenericKeyValueDetector",
+        ),
+        (
+            "api_key = aB3xK9mQ2pR7=globalState",
+            "GenericKeyValueDetector",
+        ),
+        (r#"api_key = "1234-5678-9012""#, "GenericKeyValueDetector"),
+        (r#"api_key = "changemeA7q9Z2""#, "GenericKeyValueDetector"),
+        (
+            r#"api_key = "your-aB3xK9mQ2pR7""#,
+            "GenericKeyValueDetector",
+        ),
+        ("PWD=Correct-Horse-Battery-Staple", "PasswordDetector"),
+        (r#"PASSWORD="dummy7!""#, "PasswordDetector"),
+        (r#"PWD="notdummy9!""#, "PasswordDetector"),
+        (
+            r#"PASSWORD="config.db_password.clone()""#,
+            "PasswordDetector",
+        ),
+    ] {
+        fs::write(&file, assignment).expect("write fixture");
+        let args = ScanArgs {
+            paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+            no_config_discovery: true,
+            no_baseline_discovery: true,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        let (findings, _) = run_scan(&args, None).expect("scan credential literal");
+        assert!(
+            findings.iter().any(|finding| {
+                finding.detector_name == detector_name && finding.matched_content == assignment
+            }),
+            "report the complete credential literal: {assignment}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_workflow_password_references_do_not_hide_literal_values() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let file = directory.path().join("workflow.yml");
+    let args = ScanArgs {
+        paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+        no_config_discovery: true,
+        no_baseline_discovery: true,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    for (assignment, should_report) in [
+        ("password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}", false),
+        ("PASSWORD = ${{secrets.DATABASE_PASSWORD}}", false),
+        (r#"password: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}""#, true),
+        ("password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}Literal783!", true),
+        ("password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} Literal783!", true),
+        ("password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}: dummy", true),
+        (
+            "password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}=config.password",
+            true,
+        ),
+        (
+            "password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN || 'Literal783!' }}",
+            true,
+        ),
+        ("password: ${{ 'Literal783!' }}", true),
+        ("password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN", true),
+    ] {
+        fs::write(&file, assignment).unwrap();
+        let (findings, _) = run_scan(&args, None).unwrap();
+        let password = findings
+            .iter()
+            .find(|finding| finding.detector_name == "PasswordDetector");
+        if should_report {
+            assert_eq!(password.unwrap().matched_content, assignment);
+        } else {
+            assert!(
+                password.is_none(),
+                "Reference reports a password: {assignment}"
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_mongodb_scheme_references_do_not_consume_unrelated_source() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let file = directory.path().join("source.txt");
+    let args = ScanArgs {
+        paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+        no_config_discovery: true,
+        no_baseline_discovery: true,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    for source in [
+        "keywords = [\"mongodb://\", \"mongodb+srv://\"]\npattern = \"user:Fixture783!@localhost\"",
+        "mongodb://\nuser:Fixture783!@localhost",
+        "mongodb://user:\nFixture783!@localhost",
+        "mongodb://user:Fixture783!@\nlocalhost",
+    ] {
+        fs::write(&file, source).unwrap();
+        let (findings, _) = run_scan(&args, None).unwrap();
+        assert!(
+            !findings
+                .iter()
+                .any(|finding| { finding.detector_name == "MongoDBConnectionStringDetector" }),
+            "Unrelated source reports a MongoDB credential: {source}"
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_mongodb_credentials_stop_at_authority_boundaries() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let file = directory.path().join("connections.txt");
+    let authorities = [
+        "mongodb://user:Fixture783!@localhost:27017",
+        "mongodb+srv://user:p%40ss%3Aword%2F783@cluster.example.net",
+        "mongodb://user:Fixture783!@[::1]:27017",
+    ];
+    let args = ScanArgs {
+        paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+        no_config_discovery: true,
+        no_baseline_discovery: true,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let mut expected = authorities;
+    expected.sort_unstable();
+    for suffix in ["", "/db?authSource=admin"] {
+        for separator in [",", " ", "\", \""] {
+            let source = authorities
+                .map(|authority| format!("{authority}{suffix}"))
+                .join(separator);
+            fs::write(&file, source).unwrap();
+            let (findings, _) = run_scan(&args, None).unwrap();
+            let mut mongodb: Vec<_> = findings
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|finding| finding.detector_name == "MongoDBConnectionStringDetector")
+                .map(|finding| finding.matched_content.as_str())
+                .collect();
+            mongodb.sort_unstable();
+            assert_eq!(mongodb, expected);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 fn run_git_history_scan(current_dir: &Path, extra_args: &[&str]) -> Result<Output, String> {
     Command::new(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
         .args(["scan", "--git-history"])
@@ -2738,3 +3039,38 @@ fn test_json_escaped_private_key_is_detected() {
 
     fs::remove_dir_all(&test_dir).expect("cleanup");
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_token_references_are_not_literals_but_quoted_values_report() {
+    let directory = tempfile::tempdir().expect("create fixture directory");
+    let file = directory.path().join("credentials.txt");
+    let args = ScanArgs {
+        paths: vec![file.to_string_lossy().into_owned()],
+        no_config_discovery: true,
+        no_baseline_discovery: true,
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    let reference = "access_token: router_data_v2";
+    fs::write(&file, reference).expect("write reference");
+    let (findings, metadata) = run_scan(&args, None).expect("scan reference");
+    assert!(metadata.is_complete());
+    assert!(
+        findings.is_empty(),
+        "a reference is not a credential: {findings:?}"
+    );
+
+    let (key, value) = reference.split_once(':').expect("reference assignment");
+    let literal = format!("{key}: {:?}", value.trim());
+    fs::write(&file, &literal).expect("write literal");
+    let (findings, metadata) = run_scan(&args, None).expect("scan literal");
+    assert!(metadata.is_complete());
+    let credential = findings
+        .iter()
+        .find(|finding| finding.detector_name == "GenericKeyValueDetector")
+        .expect("a quoted value must not inherit the reference exemption");
+    assert_eq!(
+        credential.matched_content,
+        format!("token: {:?}", value.trim())
+    );
+    assert_eq!(credential.line_number, 1);
+}
diff --git a/tests/utils_tests.rs b/tests/utils_tests.rs
index 1f9b36f..edbcf52 100644
--- a/tests/utils_tests.rs
+++ b/tests/utils_tests.rs
@@ -1,27 +1,17 @@
 use key_watch::utils::write_to_file;
-use std::env::temp_dir;
 use std::fs;
-use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
-
-fn unique_temp_file(name: &str) -> std::path::PathBuf {
-    let timestamp = SystemTime::now()
-        .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
-        .expect("System time should be after Unix epoch")
-        .as_millis();
-    temp_dir().join(format!("key_watch_{name}_{timestamp}.txt"))
-}
+use tempfile::tempdir;
 
 #[test]
 fn test_write_to_file() {
-    let temp_file = unique_temp_file("test_output");
+    let directory = tempdir().expect("create private output directory");
+    let temp_file = directory.path().join("report.txt");
     let content = "Temporary content written to file.";
     let path_str = temp_file.to_str().unwrap();
 
     write_to_file(path_str, content).expect("Failed to write to file");
     let read_back = fs::read_to_string(path_str).expect("Failed to read back");
     assert_eq!(read_back, content, "Content should match");
-
-    fs::remove_file(temp_file).expect("Cleanup");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -32,14 +22,24 @@ fn test_portable_config_loading() {
     assert!(!detectors.is_empty(), "Should load at least one detector");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_write_to_file_replaces_existing_output() {
+    let directory = tempdir().expect("create private output directory");
+    let output = directory.path().join("report.txt");
+    fs::write(&output, "original content").unwrap();
+
+    write_to_file(output.to_str().unwrap(), "replacement content").unwrap();
+    assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(output).unwrap(), "replacement content");
+}
+
 #[cfg(unix)]
 #[test]
 fn test_write_to_file_tightens_existing_permissions() {
     use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
 
-    // `mode(0o600)` only applies at creation; a pre-existing world-readable
-    // report must be tightened before new content is written into it.
-    let temp_file = unique_temp_file("existing_output");
+    // Atomic replacement must not preserve world-readable permissions.
+    let directory = tempdir().expect("create private output directory");
+    let temp_file = directory.path().join("report.txt");
     let path_str = temp_file.to_str().unwrap();
     fs::write(path_str, "old content").expect("create pre-existing file");
     let mut perms = fs::metadata(path_str).expect("stat file").permissions();
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ fn test_write_to_file_tightens_existing_permissions() {
     fs::set_permissions(path_str, perms).expect("set 0644");
 
     write_to_file(path_str, "new content").expect("rewrite file");
+    assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(path_str).unwrap(), "new content");
 
     let mode = fs::metadata(path_str)
         .expect("stat file")
@@ -57,6 +58,57 @@ fn test_write_to_file_tightens_existing_permissions() {
         0o600,
         "rewritten reports must be readable only by their owner"
     );
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn test_write_to_file_rejects_world_writable_parent_without_changing_output() {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+
+    let directory = tempdir().expect("create output directory");
+    let output = directory.path().join("report.txt");
+    fs::write(&output, "original content").unwrap();
+    fs::set_permissions(directory.path(), fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o777)).unwrap();
+
+    let error = write_to_file(output.to_str().unwrap(), "replacement content").unwrap_err();
+    assert_eq!(error.kind(), std::io::ErrorKind::PermissionDenied);
+    assert_eq!(fs::read_to_string(output).unwrap(), "original content");
+}
+
+#[cfg(unix)]
+#[test]
+fn reports_remain_owner_readable_under_a_restrictive_umask() {
+    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+    use std::process::Command;
 
-    let _ = fs::remove_file(path_str);
+    let directory = tempdir().unwrap();
+    let input = directory.path().join("ordinary.txt");
+    fs::write(&input, "ordinary text\n").unwrap();
+    for existing in [false, true] {
+        let report = directory.path().join(format!("report-{existing}.json"));
+        if existing {
+            fs::write(&report, "original content").unwrap();
+        }
+        let output = Command::new("sh")
+            .args(["-c", "umask 0777; exec \"$@\"", "keywatch-umask"])
+            .arg(env!("CARGO_BIN_EXE_key-watch"))
+            .args([
+                "scan",
+                "--no-config-discovery",
+                "--no-baseline-discovery",
+                "--output",
+            ])
+            .arg(&report)
+            .arg(&input)
+            .output()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert!(output.status.success(), "{output:?}");
+        assert_eq!(
+            fs::metadata(&report).unwrap().permissions().mode() & 0o777,
+            0o600
+        );
+        let content: serde_json::Value =
+            serde_json::from_slice(&fs::read(report).unwrap()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(content["status"], "PASS");
+    }
 }