From f96311a95cadc9dbcaabfbc00381e4bf9b88c054 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Pranav <pranav628@proton.me>
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 2026 03:41:48 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] Fix mixed calendar and fixed-unit arithmetic across DST

---
 docs/docs/addition_subtraction.md       |  15 ++
 src/pendulum/datetime.py                |  22 ++-
 tests/datetime/test_mixed_arithmetic.py | 213 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 246 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/datetime/test_mixed_arithmetic.py

diff --git a/docs/docs/addition_subtraction.md b/docs/docs/addition_subtraction.md
index 32cb875d0..c68ed4a93 100644
--- a/docs/docs/addition_subtraction.md
+++ b/docs/docs/addition_subtraction.md
@@ -4,6 +4,12 @@ To easily add and subtract time, you can use the `add()` and `subtract()`
 methods.
 Each method returns a new `DateTime` instance.
 
+For timezone-aware datetimes, years, months, weeks and days shift the local
+date and time, while hours, minutes, seconds and microseconds change elapsed
+time. When both kinds of units are passed in one call, the calendar shift is
+applied and normalized first, followed by the elapsed-time shift on the UTC
+timeline. This ordering applies to both `add()` and `subtract()`.
+
 ```python
 >>> import pendulum
 
@@ -85,3 +91,12 @@ Each method returns a new `DateTime` instance.
 
     Passing negative values to `add()` is also possible and will act exactly
     like `subtract()`
+
+For example, subtracting one calendar day and then one second across a
+spring-forward transition:
+
+```python
+>>> dt = pendulum.datetime(2024, 4, 1, 4, tz='Europe/Sofia')
+>>> dt.subtract(days=1, seconds=1).isoformat()
+'2024-03-31T02:59:59+02:00'
+```
diff --git a/src/pendulum/datetime.py b/src/pendulum/datetime.py
index 0d7e4f9a0..63da884ce 100644
--- a/src/pendulum/datetime.py
+++ b/src/pendulum/datetime.py
@@ -570,12 +570,26 @@ def add(
         """
         Add a duration to the instance.
 
-        If we're adding units of variable length (i.e., years, months),
-        move forward from current time, otherwise move forward from utc, for accuracy
-        when moving across DST boundaries.
+        For timezone-aware datetimes, apply years, months, weeks and days
+        in local time first, then hours, minutes, seconds and microseconds
+        in UTC to handle DST boundaries accurately.
         """
         units_of_variable_length = any([years, months, weeks, days])
 
+        if (
+            units_of_variable_length
+            and self.tz is not None
+            and any([hours, minutes, seconds, microseconds])
+        ):
+            calendar_dt = self.add(years=years, months=months, weeks=weeks, days=days)
+
+            return calendar_dt.add(
+                hours=hours,
+                minutes=minutes,
+                seconds=seconds,
+                microseconds=microseconds,
+            )
+
         current_dt = datetime.datetime(
             self.year,
             self.month,
@@ -651,7 +665,7 @@ def subtract(
         microseconds: int = 0,
     ) -> Self:
         """
-        Remove duration from the instance.
+        Remove a duration, applying calendar units before fixed-length units.
         """
         return self.add(
             years=-years,
diff --git a/tests/datetime/test_mixed_arithmetic.py b/tests/datetime/test_mixed_arithmetic.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2cf3dc9c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/datetime/test_mixed_arithmetic.py
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timedelta
+from datetime import timezone
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
+import pytest
+
+import pendulum
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("method, sign", [("add", 1), ("subtract", -1)])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "tz, start, calendar_units, fixed_units, calendar_target",
+    [
+        pytest.param(
+            "Europe/Sofia",
+            "2024-04-01T04:00:00",
+            {"days": -1},
+            {"seconds": -1},
+            "2024-03-31T04:00:00+03:00",
+            id="issue-838",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "Europe/Paris",
+            "2013-03-24T02:30:00",
+            {"weeks": 1},
+            {"hours": 1},
+            "2013-03-31T03:30:00+02:00",
+            id="normalize-calendar-gap-first",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "America/New_York",
+            "2024-02-10T01:30:00",
+            {"months": 1},
+            {"hours": 25},
+            "2024-03-10T01:30:00-05:00",
+            id="fixed-hours-over-one-day",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "Europe/Paris",
+            "2012-10-27T01:59:59.999999",
+            {"years": 1},
+            {"hours": 1, "microseconds": 1},
+            "2013-10-27T01:59:59.999999+02:00",
+            id="forward-fall-back",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "Europe/Paris",
+            "2013-11-27T02:00:00",
+            {"months": -1},
+            {"microseconds": -1},
+            "2013-10-27T02:00:00+01:00",
+            id="backward-fall-back",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "Europe/Sofia",
+            "2024-10-20T03:30:00",
+            {"weeks": 1},
+            {"minutes": -60},
+            "2024-10-27T03:30:00+02:00",
+            id="calendar-overlap-default-fold",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "Europe/Sofia",
+            "2024-03-30T04:00:00",
+            {"days": 1},
+            {"seconds": -0.5},
+            "2024-03-31T04:00:00+03:00",
+            id="opposite-directions-fractional-seconds",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "America/New_York",
+            "2025-11-03T00:30:00",
+            {"years": -1},
+            {"hours": 2},
+            "2024-11-03T00:30:00-04:00",
+            id="negative-years-positive-hours",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "Australia/Lord_Howe",
+            "2024-10-07T02:30:00",
+            {"days": -1},
+            {"microseconds": -1},
+            "2024-10-06T02:30:00+11:00",
+            id="half-hour-spring-forward",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "Australia/Lord_Howe",
+            "2024-04-14T01:00:00",
+            {"weeks": -1},
+            {"hours": 1},
+            "2024-04-07T01:00:00+11:00",
+            id="half-hour-fall-back",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "Europe/Paris",
+            "2024-02-29T01:30:00",
+            {"years": 1, "months": 1, "days": 1},
+            {"hours": 2},
+            "2025-03-30T01:30:00+01:00",
+            id="calendar-units-applied-together",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "Europe/Sofia",
+            "2024-04-01T16:00:00",
+            {"days": -1.5},
+            {"seconds": -1},
+            "2024-03-31T04:00:00+03:00",
+            id="fractional-calendar-days",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            "UTC",
+            "2024-04-01T04:00:00",
+            {"days": -1},
+            {"seconds": -1},
+            "2024-03-31T04:00:00+00:00",
+            id="utc-control",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            None,
+            "2024-04-01T04:00:00",
+            {"days": -1},
+            {"seconds": -1},
+            "2024-03-31T04:00:00",
+            id="naive-control",
+        ),
+        pytest.param(
+            5.5,
+            "2024-01-31T04:00:00",
+            {"months": 1},
+            {"seconds": -0.25, "microseconds": -1000001},
+            "2024-02-29T04:00:00+05:30",
+            id="fixed-offset-month-clamping",
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_mixed_arithmetic_applies_calendar_then_elapsed_time(
+    method: str,
+    sign: int,
+    tz: str | float | None,
+    start: str,
+    calendar_units: dict[str, int | float],
+    fixed_units: dict[str, int | float],
+    calendar_target: str,
+) -> None:
+    native_start = datetime.fromisoformat(start)
+    dt = pendulum.DateTime.create(
+        native_start.year,
+        native_start.month,
+        native_start.day,
+        native_start.hour,
+        native_start.minute,
+        native_start.second,
+        native_start.microsecond,
+        tz=tz,
+    )
+    operation = getattr(dt, method)
+    calendar_args = {unit: sign * value for unit, value in calendar_units.items()}
+    fixed_args = {unit: sign * value for unit, value in fixed_units.items()}
+
+    # These explicit targets verify calendar shifting/normalization independently
+    # of the mixed call. The elapsed-time oracle uses only stdlib arithmetic.
+    calendar_result = operation(**calendar_args)
+    assert calendar_result.isoformat() == calendar_target
+    expected_calendar = datetime.fromisoformat(calendar_target)
+    elapsed = timedelta(**fixed_units)
+    if tz is None:
+        expected = expected_calendar + elapsed
+    else:
+        native_tz = (
+            ZoneInfo(tz) if isinstance(tz, str) else timezone(timedelta(hours=tz))
+        )
+        expected = (expected_calendar.astimezone(timezone.utc) + elapsed).astimezone(
+            native_tz
+        )
+
+    result = operation(**calendar_args, **fixed_args)
+    assert result.isoformat() == expected.isoformat()
+    assert result.tzinfo is dt.tzinfo
+    if expected.replace(fold=0).utcoffset() != expected.replace(fold=1).utcoffset():
+        assert result.fold == expected.fold
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("tz", ["Europe/Sofia", None])
+def test_mixed_arithmetic_preserves_subclass(tz: str | None) -> None:
+    class Subclass(pendulum.DateTime):
+        pass
+
+    dt = Subclass.create(2024, 4, 1, 4, tz=tz)
+    result = dt.subtract(days=1, seconds=0.5)
+
+    assert type(result) is Subclass
+    assert result.tzinfo is dt.tzinfo
+    assert result.isoformat() == (
+        "2024-03-31T02:59:59.500000+02:00"
+        if tz is not None
+        else "2024-03-31T03:59:59.500000"
+    )
+
+
+def test_naive_mixed_arithmetic_preserves_fractional_rounding() -> None:
+    dt = pendulum.naive(2024, 4, 1, 4)
+    days = 0.6 / 86_400_000_000
+    seconds = 0.0000006
+
+    # Round the combined duration once, as before, for naive datetimes.
+    result = dt.add(days=days, seconds=seconds)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    expected = datetime(2024, 4, 1, 4) + timedelta(days=days, seconds=seconds)
+
+    assert result.isoformat() == expected.isoformat()
+    assert result.tzinfo is None