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<section class="fractals">
<header class="fractals__header category-header">
<h1 class="fractals__main-header">Patterns & Tessellation</h1>
<h5 class="fractals__sub-header">
Repeating geometry from a compass and a straightedge
</h5>
</header>
<div class="category-intro">
<div class="category-intro__section">
<h3>What it is</h3>
<p>
Repeating geometric designs built from a small set of shapes and symmetry rules - most famously
the star-and-polygon tilings found across Islamic architecture and decoration, historically
produced with nothing more than a compass and straightedge.
</p>
</div>
<div class="category-intro__section">
<h3>History</h3>
<p>
Geometric tessellation flourished across the Islamic world from roughly the 8th century onward,
reaching particular sophistication in Persian, Moorish, and Central Asian architecture. The
Alhambra palace in Granada, Spain - built mostly in the 13th-14th centuries under the Nasrid
dynasty - is one of the most studied surviving examples; mathematicians later found that its walls
exemplify all 17 possible wallpaper symmetry groups. In 2007, physicists Peter Lu and Paul
Steinhardt proposed that some medieval Islamic tilings, built from "girih" tiles, may have
approximated quasicrystalline (Penrose-like) patterns centuries before their mathematical discovery
in the West.
</p>
</div>
<div class="category-intro__section">
<h3>Main Contributors</h3>
<p>
The mostly-anonymous craftsmen and geometers of the medieval Islamic world; in modern scholarship,
Peter Lu and Paul Steinhardt for the girih-tile research, and mathematician H.S.M. Coxeter for his
work on the symmetry groups underlying such patterns.
</p>
</div>
<div class="category-intro__section">
<h3>Latest Trends</h3>
<p>
Computational recreation of these tiling systems - parametric pattern generators rather than hand
construction - lets the same underlying geometry be explored far faster than by hand. This site's
own piece goes a step further, layering a modern reaction-diffusion "dissolve" effect onto
historically grounded tiling geometry.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-grid">
<a class="category-card" href="alhambra.html">
<h4>Al Hambra Pattern</h4>
<p>Islamic geometric tessellation with a reaction-diffusion dissolve/reform cycle layered on
top, plus optional perspective tilt.</p>
</a>
</div>
</section>
</div>
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