02-Exception-vs-Error-in-Java.md

Exception vs Error in Java

1. Exception

• An exception is a problem that occurs during program execution.
• It is usually caused by invalid input, file issues, network problems, or bad logic.
• Exceptions are often handled by the programmer using try-catch.
• Example: ArithmeticException, NullPointerException, IOException

2. Error

• An error indicates a serious problem that usually cannot be recovered from.
• It is generally caused by the environment or system resources, not normal program logic.
• Errors are normally not handled by the application.
• Example: OutOfMemoryError, StackOverflowError, VirtualMachineError

3. Main Difference

• Exception: recoverable / can be handled
• Error: unrecoverable / should not be handled in normal code

4. Example

public class ExceptionVsError { public static void main(String[] args) { try { int result = 10 / 0; System.out.println(result); } catch (ArithmeticException e) { System.out.println("Handled exception: " + e.getMessage()); }

    // This is an error example (not recommended to catch)
    // int[] arr = new int[1000000000];
}

}

5. Quick Summary

• Exceptions are expected problems that can be managed.
• Errors are serious system-level problems that usually crash the program.