diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index a6a6caac..fad87588 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@
     "release": "pnpm build && changeset publish",
     "check": "package-check",
     "test": "node scripts/test-examples.ts",
-    "test:unit": "vitest run"
+    "test:unit": "vitest run",
+    "test:ecosystem": "node scripts/test-ecosystem.mjs"
   },
   "repository": {
     "type": "git",
diff --git a/scripts/test-ecosystem.mjs b/scripts/test-ecosystem.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d50cc117
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/test-ecosystem.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// Headless checks of the built plugin against the Vite version installed in
+// this repository. vite-ecosystem-ci runs this script (`pnpm test:ecosystem`)
+// after it replaces Vite with the build under test. It needs no browser and
+// no network, so it only depends on Vite and the plugin.
+import { mkdir, mkdtemp, readFile, readdir, realpath, rm, symlink, writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { tmpdir } from 'node:os';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
+import { build, createLogger, createServer, version } from 'vite';
+import solid from '../dist/esm/index.mjs';
+
+const repoRoot = fileURLToPath(new URL('..', import.meta.url));
+const failures = [];
+const warnings = [];
+
+function check(name, ok, detail = '') {
+  console.log(`${ok ? 'PASS' : 'FAIL'} ${name}${ok || !detail ? '' : `: ${detail}`}`);
+  if (!ok) failures.push(name);
+}
+
+function logger() {
+  const base = createLogger('warn', { allowClearScreen: false });
+  return {
+    ...base,
+    warn(message, options) {
+      warnings.push(message);
+      base.warn(message, options);
+    },
+    warnOnce(message, options) {
+      warnings.push(message);
+      base.warnOnce(message, options);
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+async function write(file, content) {
+  await mkdir(path.dirname(file), { recursive: true });
+  await writeFile(file, content);
+}
+
+async function createFixture() {
+  const root = await realpath(await mkdtemp(path.join(tmpdir(), 'vite-plugin-solid-ecosystem-')));
+  await write(
+    path.join(root, 'package.json'),
+    JSON.stringify({
+      name: 'ecosystem-fixture',
+      private: true,
+      type: 'module',
+      dependencies: { 'solid-js': '*', '@solidjs/web': '*', 'fixture-solid-lib': '*' },
+    }),
+  );
+  await mkdir(path.join(root, 'node_modules'));
+  await mkdir(path.join(root, 'node_modules/@solidjs'));
+  for (const name of ['solid-js', '@solidjs/web']) {
+    await symlink(
+      await realpath(path.join(repoRoot, 'node_modules', name)),
+      path.join(root, 'node_modules', name),
+      'dir',
+    );
+  }
+  // A library that ships JSX source under the `solid` export condition.
+  const lib = path.join(root, 'node_modules/fixture-solid-lib');
+  await write(
+    path.join(lib, 'package.json'),
+    JSON.stringify({
+      name: 'fixture-solid-lib',
+      type: 'module',
+      exports: { '.': { solid: './index.jsx', default: './index.js' } },
+      peerDependencies: { 'solid-js': '*', '@solidjs/web': '*' },
+    }),
+  );
+  await write(path.join(lib, 'index.jsx'), 'export const Badge = (props) => <b class="badge">{props.children}</b>;\n');
+  await write(path.join(lib, 'index.js'), 'throw new Error("the solid condition was not used");\n');
+
+  await write(
+    path.join(root, 'index.html'),
+    '<!doctype html><html><body><div id="root"></div><script type="module" src="/src/entry-client.tsx"></script></body></html>\n',
+  );
+  await write(
+    path.join(root, 'src/App.tsx'),
+    [
+      "import { createSignal } from 'solid-js';",
+      "import { Badge } from 'fixture-solid-lib';",
+      'export default function App() {',
+      '  const [count, setCount] = createSignal(0);',
+      '  return <main><button onClick={() => setCount(count() + 1)}>{count()}</button><Badge>lib</Badge></main>;',
+      '}',
+      '',
+    ].join('\n'),
+  );
+  await write(
+    path.join(root, 'src/entry-client.tsx'),
+    "import { hydrate } from '@solidjs/web';\nimport App from './App';\nhydrate(() => <App />, document.getElementById('root')!);\n",
+  );
+  await write(
+    path.join(root, 'src/entry-server.tsx'),
+    "import { renderToString } from '@solidjs/web';\nimport App from './App';\nexport const render = () => renderToString(() => <App />);\n",
+  );
+  return root;
+}
+
+// Hydratable HTML with the app and the library component rendered on the server.
+const isExpectedHtml = (html) =>
+  typeof html === 'string' &&
+  /^<main _hk=/.test(html) &&
+  html.includes('<button>0</button>') &&
+  /<b _hk=\S+ class="badge">lib<\/b>/.test(html);
+
+async function main() {
+  console.log(`vite ${version}`);
+  const root = await createFixture();
+  const base = { root, configFile: false, customLogger: logger() };
+  try {
+    // Dev server: client and SSR transforms, HMR runtime, SSR rendering.
+    const server = await createServer({
+      ...base,
+      appType: 'custom',
+      server: { middlewareMode: true, hmr: false, watch: null },
+      optimizeDeps: { noDiscovery: true, include: [] },
+      plugins: [solid({ ssr: true })],
+    });
+    try {
+      const client = await server.transformRequest('/src/App.tsx');
+      check('dev: client transform compiles JSX to DOM templates', /template/.test(client?.code ?? ''));
+      check('dev: client transform includes the HMR runtime', /\$\$refresh\(/.test(client?.code ?? ''));
+      const { render } = await server.ssrLoadModule('/src/entry-server.tsx');
+      const html = render();
+      check('dev: SSR renders hydratable HTML', isExpectedHtml(html), html);
+    } finally {
+      await server.close();
+    }
+
+    // Client build.
+    await build({
+      ...base,
+      plugins: [solid({ ssr: true })],
+      build: { outDir: 'dist/client', minify: false },
+    });
+    const assets = path.join(root, 'dist/client/assets');
+    const js = (await readdir(assets)).filter((file) => file.endsWith('.js'));
+    const code = (await Promise.all(js.map((file) => readFile(path.join(assets, file), 'utf8')))).join('\n');
+    check('build: client bundle contains the app and the library', code.includes('badge') && code.includes('hydrate'));
+    check('build: client bundle has no HMR runtime', !code.includes('$$refresh('));
+
+    // SSR build.
+    await build({
+      ...base,
+      plugins: [solid({ ssr: true })],
+      build: { ssr: 'src/entry-server.tsx', outDir: 'dist/server', minify: false },
+    });
+    const { render } = await import(pathToFileURL(path.join(root, 'dist/server/entry-server.js')).href);
+    const html = render();
+    check('build: SSR bundle renders hydratable HTML', isExpectedHtml(html), html);
+
+    const deprecations = warnings.filter((message) => /deprecat/i.test(message));
+    check('no deprecation warnings', deprecations.length === 0, deprecations.join('\n'));
+  } finally {
+    await rm(root, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  }
+}
+
+try {
+  await main();
+} catch (error) {
+  console.error(error);
+  failures.push('unexpected error');
+}
+if (failures.length) {
+  console.error(`\n${failures.length} check(s) failed`);
+  process.exit(1);
+}
+console.log('\nall checks passed');