feat(icu4c): Add ICU4C support to UTF8 string operations

[CryoTheRenegade]

Replaces the hand-rolled WWLib UTF-8 converter with ICU4C, and links ICU into the engine so later code can use the rest of the suite.

AsciiString::translate / UnicodeString::translate now convert through ICU instead of 7-bit ASCII. Invalid UTF-8 still falls back to the original one-byte-to-one-wide-unit behavior so legacy CP1252 data is preserved. LAN player names are truncated on a UTF-8 code-point boundary instead of chopping mid-sequence.

ICU is selected in this order:

1. find_package(ICU) from vcpkg / system (C and C++ APIs)
2. Windows SDK icu.lib + /DELAYLOAD:icu.dll on modern MSVC
3. VC6 LoadLibrary of OS icu.dll, with Win32 CP_UTF8 if that DLL is missing

WWLib/IcuSupport.h is the engine include for linked ICU. vcpkg now depends on icu on all platforms.

---

In the future we can also use ICU's baked in bidirectional string support for languages that require them

[qodo-free-for-open-source-projects]

PR Summary by Qodo

Add ICU4C-backed UTF-8 conversions and link ICU into the engine

✨ Enhancement 🐞 Bug fix ⚙️ Configuration changes 🕐 40+ Minutes

AI Description

• Replace WWLib UTF-8 conversion routines with ICU4C-backed transcoding.
• Add cross-toolchain ICU discovery/linking and expose it via core_icu.
• Fix LAN player-name truncation to respect UTF-8 code-point boundaries.

Diagram

graph TD
CMakeIcu["cmake/icu.cmake"] --> CoreIcu(["core_icu (INTERFACE)"]) --> Engine(["GameEngine targets"])
Engine --> Utf8["WWLib/utf8.cpp"] --> ICU{{"ICU4C"}}
Utf8 --> IcuHdr["WWLib/IcuSupport.h"]
Engine --> Strings["Ascii/Unicode translate"] --> Utf8
Engine --> Net["LAN name truncation"] --> Utf8
subgraph Legend
direction LR
_mod(["Module/Target"]) ~~~ _file["Source/File"] ~~~ _ext{{"External lib"}}
end

Loading

High-Level Assessment

The following are alternative approaches to this PR:

1. Use OS APIs per-platform (Win32 + iconv) instead of ICU

• ➕ Potentially smaller dependency footprint than ICU
• ➕ Leverages native platform behavior/tooling
• ➖ Inconsistent behavior across platforms/locales
• ➖ iconv availability/behavior varies; added portability work
• ➖ Harder to expose richer i18n features later (collation, IDNA, break iterators)

2. Adopt a lightweight UTF-8 library (e.g., utf8cpp/utf8proc) for conversion only

• ➕ Much smaller than ICU; simpler build integration
• ➕ Good for strict UTF-8 validation and iteration
• ➖ Does not provide the broader ICU suite the PR explicitly wants to expose
• ➖ May still require separate solutions for collation/normalization/IDNA later

3. Remove dynamic-load/delay-load complexity; require ICU at build-time everywhere

• ➕ Simpler runtime behavior and fewer fallback branches
• ➕ More predictable conversion results
• ➖ Breaks legacy toolchains (VC6) and some Windows environments without ICU readily available
• ➖ Contradicts stated compatibility goals for older builds

Recommendation: The chosen approach (ICU-first with well-scoped Windows fallbacks) best matches the stated goals: consistent UTF conversion semantics and future access to ICU’s i18n features, while keeping VC6 and older Windows scenarios functional. Reviewers should focus on verifying fallback correctness (invalid UTF-8 handling, null-termination rules, and length preflights) and ensuring the CMake selection order matches the intended deployment environments.

Files changed (13) +837 / -305

Enhancement (3) +676 / -233

AsciiString.cppRoute wide-to-UTF-8 translation through ICU-backed converter +14/-5

Route wide-to-UTF-8 translation through ICU-backed converter

• Updates AsciiString::translate to use Wide_To_Utf8_* conversion with explicit bounds checking against MAX_LEN. Behavior now relies on ICU-backed UTF-8 conversion where available.

Core/GameEngine/Source/Common/System/AsciiString.cpp

IcuSupport.hAdd engine-facing ICU4C include gateway header +58/-0

Add engine-facing ICU4C include gateway header

• Introduces a single header that conditionally includes Windows SDK ICU headers or full ICU headers (and optional i18n/C++ APIs) based on compile definitions.

Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/IcuSupport.h

utf8.cppReplace hand-rolled UTF-8 codec with ICU/Win32-backed implementation +604/-228

Replace hand-rolled UTF-8 codec with ICU/Win32-backed implementation

• Rewrites UTF-8 <-> wide conversion to prefer ICU APIs (linked, Windows SDK delay-load, or runtime-loaded icu.dll) and fall back to Win32 CP_UTF8 when needed. Adds size/int safety checks and preflight logic for buffer sizing.

Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp

Bug fix (2) +29 / -17

UnicodeString.cppRoute UTF-8-to-wide translation through ICU-backed converter with legacy fallback +16/-15

Route UTF-8-to-wide translation through ICU-backed converter with legacy fallback

• Updates UnicodeString::translate to use Utf8_To_Wide_* conversion and preserve legacy non-UTF-8 data via 1:1 byte-to-wide casting when input is invalid UTF-8.

Core/GameEngine/Source/Common/System/UnicodeString.cpp

GameInfo.cppTruncate LAN player names on UTF-8 code-point boundaries +13/-2

Truncate LAN player names on UTF-8 code-point boundaries

• Replaces character-by-character truncation with logic that avoids cutting UTF-8 continuation bytes, preventing malformed UTF-8 sequences in LAN option formatting.

Core/GameEngine/Source/GameNetwork/GameInfo.cpp

Refactor (1) +23 / -29

ThreadUtils.cppUse shared UTF conversion helpers for GameSpy thread utilities +23/-29

Use shared UTF conversion helpers for GameSpy thread utilities

• Switches Win32/WWLib conversion usage to the shared Utf8_To_Wide / Wide_To_Utf8 helpers and simplifies newline/carriage-return stripping logic.

Core/GameEngine/Source/GameNetwork/GameSpy/Thread/ThreadUtils.cpp

Documentation (1) +9 / -26

utf8.hUpdate UTF conversion API documentation to reflect ICU backing +9/-26

Update UTF conversion API documentation to reflect ICU backing

• Replaces the prior hand-rolled codec documentation with notes describing ICU-backed conversion behavior, fallback modes, and error semantics.

Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.h

Other (6) +100 / -0

CMakeLists.txtInclude ICU build integration module +1/-0

Include ICU build integration module

• Adds inclusion of cmake/icu.cmake so ICU configuration is evaluated as part of the top-level build.

CMakeLists.txt

CMakeLists.txtLink core_icu into the engine interface libraries +1/-0

Link core_icu into the engine interface libraries

• Extends the engine’s public interface link set to include core_icu, making ICU availability/flags propagate to engine consumers.

Core/GameEngine/CMakeLists.txt

CMakeLists.txtExport ICU linkage from WWLib via core_icu +5/-0

Export ICU linkage from WWLib via core_icu

• Adds IcuSupport.h to the WWLib sources and links core_icu publicly so dependents can include ICU through the engine entry header.

Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/CMakeLists.txt

icu.cmakeAdd core_icu target and toolchain-specific ICU selection +74/-0

Add core_icu target and toolchain-specific ICU selection

• Creates an INTERFACE core_icu target that prefers find_package(ICU), then Windows SDK icu.lib with delay-load, else runtime-load system icu.dll on Windows; non-Windows builds require ICU. Exports compile definitions indicating available ICU APIs.

cmake/icu.cmake

vcpkg-lock.jsonLock ICU dependency version in vcpkg manifest +18/-0

Lock ICU dependency version in vcpkg manifest

• Adds ICU to the vcpkg lockfile with a pinned version and git-tree entry, ensuring reproducible builds.

vcpkg-lock.json

vcpkg.jsonAdd ICU to vcpkg dependencies +1/-0

Add ICU to vcpkg dependencies

• Adds the icu port to the vcpkg dependency list so ICU is installed for supported builds.

vcpkg.json

[qodo-free-for-open-source-projects]

Code Review by Qodo

🐞 Bugs (0) 📘 Rule violations (0) 📎 Requirement gaps (0) 🎨 UX issues (0) 🔗 Cross-repo conflicts (0) 📜 Skill insights (0)

1. LoadSystemIcu data race ✓ Resolved 🐞 Bug ☼ Reliability

Description

LoadSystemIcu() uses unsynchronized static state (attempted/available), so concurrent
first-use calls can race and cause undefined behavior while deciding whether ICU is available.
GameSpy Buddy/Peer worker threads perform UTF conversions, making concurrent first-use plausible in
real execution.

Code

Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[R48-51]

+bool LoadSystemIcu()
+{
+    static bool attempted = false;
+    static bool available = false;

Evidence

The new LoadSystemIcu() writes/reads shared static bool state without any synchronization, and
ICU availability checks can be reached from multiple concurrently-running GameSpy worker threads
that perform UTF conversions.

Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[48-67]
Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[583-590]
cmake/icu.cmake[47-56]
Core/GameEngine/Source/GameNetwork/GameSpy/Thread/ThreadUtils.cpp[37-84]
Core/GameEngine/Source/GameNetwork/GameSpy/Thread/BuddyThread.cpp[258-319]
Core/GameEngine/Source/GameNetwork/GameSpy/Thread/PeerThread.cpp[1153-1199]

Agent prompt

The issue below was found during a code review. Follow the provided context and guidance below and implement a solution

## Issue description
`LoadSystemIcu()` caches initialization in two plain `static bool` variables that are read/written without synchronization. If multiple threads hit UTF conversion at startup, this creates a C++ data race (UB) during the first ICU availability check.
### Issue Context
- Windows SDK ICU builds compile with `RTS_HAS_ICU_WINSDK`, and `IcuIsAvailable()` calls `LoadSystemIcu()`.
- GameSpy Buddy/Peer thread functions call `WideCharStringToMultiByte()` / `MultiByteToWideCharSingleLine()`, which call into `Wide_To_Utf8_*` / `Utf8_To_Wide_*` and can trigger the availability check.
### Fix Focus Areas
- Implement a one-time init guard (e.g., `std::once_flag`/`call_once` for modern toolchains; Win32 `InitOnceExecuteOnce` or `InterlockedCompareExchange` for older toolchains) and make `available` publication safe.
- Ensure the DLL load attempt is executed exactly once, and all threads observe the same stable result.
### Fix Focus Areas (paths and lines)
- Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[48-67]
- Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[583-587]
- Core/GameEngine/Source/GameNetwork/GameSpy/Thread/ThreadUtils.cpp[37-84]

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---

2. ICU disabled by system32-only load ✓ Resolved 🐞 Bug ≡ Correctness

Description

In the Windows-SDK ICU configuration, IcuIsAvailable() only returns true if LoadSystemIcu() can
load System32\icu.dll, so ICU will be treated as unavailable even when icu.dll is present via
normal DLL search order (e.g., delay-loaded from the game directory). This forces silent fallback to
Win32 conversion and can also load a different DLL than the one intended by /DELAYLOAD:icu.dll.

Code

Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[R59-65]

+    char systemIcuPath[MAX_PATH];
+    const UINT systemDirectoryLength = GetSystemDirectoryA(systemIcuPath, MAX_PATH);
+    if (systemDirectoryLength > 0 && systemDirectoryLength <= MAX_PATH - sizeof("\\icu.dll"))
+    {
+        memcpy(systemIcuPath + systemDirectoryLength, "\\icu.dll", sizeof("\\icu.dll"));
+        available = LoadLibraryA(systemIcuPath) != nullptr;
+    }

Evidence

CMake explicitly configures delay-load of icu.dll, but the runtime availability check ignores the
normal DLL search path by loading only from the system directory and gating ICU usage on that
result.

cmake/icu.cmake[47-56]
Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[59-65]
Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[583-587]

Agent prompt

The issue below was found during a code review. Follow the provided context and guidance below and implement a solution

## Issue description
`LoadSystemIcu()` hardcodes loading `%SystemRoot%\\System32\\icu.dll`. When building with the Windows SDK ICU import lib + `/DELAYLOAD:icu.dll`, ICU might legitimately be provided next to the executable (or elsewhere on the DLL search path), but `IcuIsAvailable()` will still return false and the engine will never call ICU.
### Issue Context
- Windows SDK mode is enabled by `cmake/icu.cmake`, which sets `/DELAYLOAD:icu.dll`.
- `IcuIsAvailable()` uses `LoadSystemIcu()` for `RTS_HAS_ICU_WINSDK`.
### Fix Focus Areas
- Change the availability probe to respect the standard DLL search order (e.g., `LoadLibraryA("icu.dll")` / `GetModuleHandleA("icu.dll")`), optionally preferring the EXE directory if that is the intended distribution model.
- Keep the existing Win32 CP_UTF8 fallback only when `icu.dll` truly cannot be loaded.
### Fix Focus Areas (paths and lines)
- Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[59-65]
- Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp[583-587]
- cmake/icu.cmake[47-56]

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---

3. Found ICU lib path unused ✓ Resolved 🐞 Bug ☼ Reliability

Description

cmake/icu.cmake calls find_library(RTS_ICU_WINSDK_LIB ...) but then links core_icu against the
literal icu name instead of the found path, so configuration can succeed while linking fails in
environments where icu.lib isn’t on the default linker search path. The status message also
implies the found path is being used when it is not.

Code

cmake/icu.cmake[R52-55]

+        set(RTS_ICU_WINSDK TRUE)
+        target_link_libraries(core_icu INTERFACE icu delayimp)
+        target_link_options(core_icu INTERFACE "/DELAYLOAD:icu.dll")
+        target_compile_definitions(core_icu INTERFACE RTS_HAS_ICU RTS_HAS_ICU_WINSDK RTS_HAS_ICU_I18N)

Evidence

The script records the result of find_library() into RTS_ICU_WINSDK_LIB but does not consume it
when specifying link libraries, so the probe can become a false positive for successful linking.

cmake/icu.cmake[48-57]

Agent prompt

The issue below was found during a code review. Follow the provided context and guidance below and implement a solution

## Issue description
In the Windows SDK fallback, CMake probes `RTS_ICU_WINSDK_LIB` but does not use it for linking. This can break builds where the SDK ICU library is discoverable by `find_library()` but not by the toolchain’s default linker search paths.
### Issue Context
This affects the `elseif(WIN32 AND NOT IS_VS6_BUILD AND NOT MINGW)` branch.
### Fix Focus Areas
- Replace `target_link_libraries(core_icu INTERFACE icu delayimp)` with `target_link_libraries(core_icu INTERFACE ${RTS_ICU_WINSDK_LIB} delayimp)`.
- Consider also updating the status message to reflect the actual link inputs.
### Fix Focus Areas (paths and lines)
- cmake/icu.cmake[48-57]

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[CryoTheRenegade]

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Code review by qodo was updated up to the latest commit 0240a44

[CryoTheRenegade]

@greptileai review this

[greptile-apps]

Confidence Score: 4/5

[High risk] Replaces UTF-8 conversion library with ICU4C dependency.

The PR is not safe to merge until version-2 drawable save data can be loaded without misaligning the transfer stream.

Summary

The PR adds ICU-backed UTF conversion and build integration. Since the previous review, it also reorganizes shared headers and loaders, consolidates game-variant code, and changes drawable timing and serialization.

• ICU is selected through a package, the Windows SDK, or a runtime loader with a Windows conversion fallback.
• Shared build and source refactors affect both game variants.
• The drawable serialization change breaks loading existing version-2 envelope data.

Diagram

%%{init: {'theme': 'neutral'}}%%
flowchart LR
  Input[UTF-8 and wide strings] --> Conversion[core_icu conversions]
  Package[ICU package] --> Conversion
  SDK[Windows SDK ICU] --> Loader[IcuLoader]
  Runtime[Runtime icu.dll] --> Loader
  Loader --> Conversion
  Loader --> Fallback[Win32 CP_UTF8 fallback]
  Conversion --> Engine[Shared game engine]

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_{Reviews (11) · Last reviewed commit: "fix(icu): Include the moved UTF-8 header..."}

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@codex review this

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Codex Review: Didn't find any major issues. Another round soon, please!

Reviewed commit: c27b37a22f

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[OmniBlade]

There is a lot of needless complexity here IMO, why are we worrying about using ICU on VC6 at all and dynamically loading it? Alternate codepaths for wchar_t as UTF-16 and UTF-32 also bothers me, its a more invasive change, but putting the "wide" types behind an ifdef and removing wchar_t use from the code base allows for simpler conversion functions that are easier to understand and maintain once the pain of getting rid of wchar_t has been taken care of.

I'd prefer to see this broken down into two PRs, one to move all use of wchar_t behind a typedef and then a second to use ICU exclusively for none windows platforms and make the typedef UChar on those platforms for consistent use of UTF-8 and UTF-16 only.

[CryoTheRenegade]

I would prefer to have icu supported on windows so that we can get proper bidirectional string support without needing another library like FriBidi in the future.
The reason i am trying to make vc6 work is because the project still support it and it's not impossible to do. We can remove the extra functionality once we drop Retail Compatibility and VC6 support.

I'd be happy to separate this into two prs.

[xezon]

Does VC6 use ICU or not? It is not clear from the code. Implementation looks confusing.

[coderabbitai]

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ℹ️ Recent review info

⚙️ Run configuration

Configuration used: Organization UI

Review profile: CHILL

Plan: Advanced

Run ID: 333401bd-de09-4d47-b2df-6d0b2171c6dd

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between b427893 and d86e879.

📒 Files selected for processing (7)

• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/IcuLoader.cpp
• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/IcuLoader.h
• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/utf8.cpp
• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/utf8.h
• Dependencies/ICU/README.md
• Generals/Code/GameEngine/Source/Common/GameMain.cpp
• GeneralsMD/Code/GameEngine/Source/Common/GameMain.cpp

🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)

• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/utf8.h

Included review availability: Your plan provides up to 10 included reviews per hour; 9 remain after this review.

---

Walkthrough

The build adds a dedicated core_icu target. UTF-8 conversion moves from WWLib to ICU-backed code with platform-specific loading and fallback paths. Engine string and GameSpy conversion code uses the new implementation.

Changes

ICU UTF-8 Integration

Layer / File(s)	Summary
ICU build configuration CMakeLists.txt, cmake/icu.cmake, Dependencies/ICU/CMakeLists.txt, vcpkg.json	The build discovers or configures ICU, registers core_icu, and supports linked, Windows SDK, or dynamically loaded ICU modes.
ICU conversion API Dependencies/ICU/ICU/*, Dependencies/ICU/README.md	The new headers, loader, and implementation provide UTF-8 and wide-character length and conversion functions with platform-specific fallback paths.
WWLib replacement and target wiring Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/*, Core/GameEngine/CMakeLists.txt	The previous WWLib UTF-8 files are removed. WWLib and the game engine link core_icu.
Engine conversion and UTF-8 handling Core/GameEngine/Source/Common/System/*, Core/GameEngine/Source/GameNetwork/*, Generals/Code/GameEngine/Source/Common/GameMain.cpp, GeneralsMD/Code/GameEngine/Source/Common/GameMain.cpp	String conversion uses ICU APIs. AsciiString::translate checks converted length limits. UnicodeString::translate handles empty and invalid input. GameSpy code normalizes line breaks in one pass. Both game entry points retain ICU through engine teardown.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~45 minutes

Change: Feature

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant GameMain
  participant UnicodeString_translate
  participant ICU_utf8
  participant IcuLoader
  GameMain->>IcuLoader: create IcuScope
  UnicodeString_translate->>ICU_utf8: request UTF-8 to wide-character conversion
  ICU_utf8->>IcuLoader: query ICU functions when dynamic loading is enabled
  IcuLoader-->>ICU_utf8: return resolved conversion functions
  ICU_utf8-->>UnicodeString_translate: return converted length or conversion result

Loading

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4

✅ Passed checks (4 passed)

Check name	Status	Explanation
Description check	✅ Passed	The description accurately summarizes the ICU4C integration, UTF-8 conversion changes, fallback behavior, truncation behavior, and supported ICU loading paths.
Title check	✅ Passed	The title clearly and concisely identifies the main change: adding ICU4C support for UTF-8 string operations.
Linked Issues check	✅ Passed	Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check	✅ Passed	Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.

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Actionable comments posted: 1

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Run ID: 0d0a0605-d996-4f8e-a869-b3b6770009eb

📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 0b9cf8b and 6777d42.

📒 Files selected for processing (18)

• CMakeLists.txt
• Core/GameEngine/CMakeLists.txt
• Core/GameEngine/Source/Common/System/AsciiString.cpp
• Core/GameEngine/Source/Common/System/UnicodeString.cpp
• Core/GameEngine/Source/GameNetwork/GameInfo.cpp
• Core/GameEngine/Source/GameNetwork/GameSpy/Thread/ThreadUtils.cpp
• Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/CMakeLists.txt
• Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp
• Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.h
• Dependencies/ICU/CMakeLists.txt
• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/IcuLoader.cpp
• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/IcuLoader.h
• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/IcuSupport.h
• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/utf8.cpp
• Dependencies/ICU/ICU/utf8.h
• Dependencies/ICU/README.md
• cmake/icu.cmake
• vcpkg.json

💤 Files with no reviewable changes (2)

• Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.cpp
• Core/Libraries/Source/WWVegas/WWLib/utf8.h

Included review availability: Your plan provides up to 10 included reviews per hour; 9 remain after this review.

[CryoTheRenegade]

Does VC6 use ICU or not? It is not clear from the code. Implementation looks confusing.

VC6 does use ICU through a fallback icu.dll load

[CryoTheRenegade]

I'd prefer to see this broken down into two PRs, one to move all use of wchar_t behind a typedef

Wide Char PR is up #3321