github-actions · Sep 27, 2026 · Sep 22, 2026 · Sep 23, 2026 · Sep 24, 2026 · Sep 25, 2026
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -142,6 +142,7 @@ set(DUCKDB_SRC_FILES
   src/duckdb/extension/json/json_scan.cpp
   src/duckdb/extension/json/json_serializer.cpp
   src/duckdb/extension/json/serialize_json.cpp
+  src/duckdb/extension/loader/static_extension_autoregister.cpp
   src/duckdb/extension/parquet/column_reader.cpp
   src/duckdb/extension/parquet/column_writer.cpp
   src/duckdb/extension/parquet/parquet_column_schema.cpp
@@ -159,6 +160,7 @@ set(DUCKDB_SRC_FILES
   src/duckdb/extension/parquet/parquet_statistics.cpp
   src/duckdb/extension/parquet/parquet_timestamp.cpp
   src/duckdb/extension/parquet/parquet_writer.cpp
+  src/duckdb/extension/parquet/reader/variant/parquet_variant_shredding.cpp
   src/duckdb/extension/parquet/serialize_parquet.cpp
   src/duckdb/extension/parquet/zstd_file_system.cpp
   src/duckdb/generated_extension_loader_package_build.cpp
@@ -225,6 +227,7 @@ set(DUCKDB_SRC_FILES
   src/duckdb/src/main/extension/extension_load.cpp
   src/duckdb/src/main/extension/extension_loader.cpp
   src/duckdb/src/main/extension/extension_repository_manager.cpp
+  src/duckdb/src/main/extension/linked_extension_registry.cpp
   src/duckdb/src/optimizer/matcher/expression_matcher.cpp
   src/duckdb/third_party/brotli/common/constants.cpp
   src/duckdb/third_party/brotli/common/context.cpp
@@ -371,7 +374,6 @@ set(DUCKDB_SRC_FILES
   src/duckdb/ub_extension_json_json_functions.cpp
   src/duckdb/ub_extension_parquet_decoder.cpp
   src/duckdb/ub_extension_parquet_reader.cpp
-  src/duckdb/ub_extension_parquet_reader_variant.cpp
   src/duckdb/ub_extension_parquet_writer.cpp
   src/duckdb/ub_extension_parquet_writer_variant.cpp
   src/duckdb/ub_src_catalog.cpp
@@ -701,6 +703,11 @@ target_compile_definitions(duckdb_java PRIVATE
   -DDUCKDB_EXTENSION_AUTOLOAD_DEFAULT
   -DDUCKDB_EXTENSION_AUTOINSTALL_DEFAULT)
 
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+  target_compile_definitions(duckdb_java PRIVATE
+    -DD_ASSERT_IS_ENABLED)
+endif()
+
 if(JEMALLOC_ENABLED)
   target_compile_definitions(duckdb_java PRIVATE
     -DDUCKDB_ENABLE_JEMALLOC)

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt.in b/CMakeLists.txt.in
@@ -189,6 +189,11 @@ target_compile_definitions(duckdb_java PRIVATE
   -DDUCKDB_EXTENSION_AUTOLOAD_DEFAULT
   -DDUCKDB_EXTENSION_AUTOINSTALL_DEFAULT)
 
+if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+  target_compile_definitions(duckdb_java PRIVATE
+    -DD_ASSERT_IS_ENABLED)
+endif()
+
 if(JEMALLOC_ENABLED)
   target_compile_definitions(duckdb_java PRIVATE
     -DDUCKDB_ENABLE_JEMALLOC)

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/distributive/bitagg.cpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/distributive/bitagg.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ static AggregateFunction NameArgParameter(AggregateFunction fun) {
 }
 
 template <class OP>
-AggregateFunction GetBitfieldUnaryAggregate(LogicalType type) {
+AggregateFunction GetBitfieldUnaryAggregate(const LogicalType &type) {
 	switch (type.id()) {
 	case LogicalTypeId::TINYINT:
 		return NameArgParameter(AggregateFunction::UnaryAggregate<BitState<uint8_t>, int8_t, int8_t, OP>(type, type));
@@ -111,7 +111,9 @@ struct BitwiseOperation {
 };
 
 template <class OP>
-struct NumericBitwiseOperation : public BitwiseOperation, public ClusteredStateCopy {
+struct NumericBitwiseOperation // NOLINT(bugprone-crtp-constructor-accessibility)
+    : public BitwiseOperation,
+      public ClusteredStateCopy {
 	template <class INPUT_TYPE, class STATE>
 	static void UpdateClusteredLocal(STATE &local, const INPUT_TYPE &input) {
 		if (!local.is_set) {

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/distributive/sum.cpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/distributive/sum.cpp
@@ -95,10 +95,10 @@ struct ClusteredSumOperation : public ClusteredSumStateCopy<BASE> {
 	static void ExecuteFlatI64HugeintSum(const INPUT_TYPE *vals, const ClusteredAggr &clustered,
 	                                     const SelectionVector *isel, const sel_t *cluster_iter) {
 		idx_t pos = 0;
-		for (idx_t r = 0; r < clustered.n_group_runs; r++) {
-			auto &state = *reinterpret_cast<STATE_TYPE *>(clustered.group_runs[r].state);
-			const auto *run_sel = clustered.group_runs[r].sel;
-			const idx_t run_count = clustered.group_runs[r].count;
+		for (auto &run : clustered.runs()) {
+			auto &state = *reinterpret_cast<STATE_TYPE *>(run.state);
+			const auto *run_sel = run.sel;
+			const idx_t run_count = run.count;
 			if (run_count == 0) {
 				continue;
 			}
@@ -144,10 +144,10 @@ struct ClusteredSumOperation : public ClusteredSumStateCopy<BASE> {
 		input.ToUnifiedFormat(idata);
 		const auto *dict_sel = idata.sel->data();
 		auto &validity = idata.validity;
-		for (idx_t r = 0; r < clustered.n_group_runs; r++) {
-			auto &state = *reinterpret_cast<STATE_TYPE *>(clustered.group_runs[r].state);
-			const auto *run_sel = clustered.group_runs[r].sel;
-			const idx_t run_count = clustered.group_runs[r].count;
+		for (auto &run : clustered.runs()) {
+			auto &state = *reinterpret_cast<STATE_TYPE *>(run.state);
+			const auto *run_sel = run.sel;
+			const idx_t run_count = run.count;
 			int64_t local64 = 0;
 			if (run_sel) {
 				for (idx_t k = 0; k < run_count; k++) {

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/holistic/approx_top_k.cpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/holistic/approx_top_k.cpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct ApproxTopKValue {
 	//! Allocated data
 	char *dataptr = nullptr;
 	uint32_t size = 0;
-	uint32_t capacity = 0;
+	idx_t capacity = 0;
 };
 
 struct InternalApproxTopKState {
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ struct InternalApproxTopKState {
 		value.size = UnsafeNumericCast<uint32_t>(input.str.GetSize());
 		if (value.size > value.capacity) {
 			// need to re-allocate for this value
-			value.capacity = UnsafeNumericCast<uint32_t>(NextPowerOfTwo(value.size));
+			value.capacity = NextPowerOfTwo(value.size);
 			value.dataptr = char_ptr_cast(allocator.Allocate(value.capacity));
 		}
 		// copy over the data

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/holistic/approximate_quantile.cpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/holistic/approximate_quantile.cpp
@@ -549,9 +549,9 @@ unique_ptr<FunctionData> ApproxQuantileDecimalDeserialize(Deserializer &deserial
 	auto bind_data = ApproximateQuantileBindData::Deserialize(deserializer, function);
 	auto &return_type = deserializer.Get<const LogicalType &>();
 	if (return_type.id() == LogicalTypeId::LIST) {
-		function.ReplaceImplementation(ApproxQuantileDecimalListFunction(function.GetArguments()[0]));
+		ReplaceApproxQuantileDecimal(function, ApproxQuantileDecimalListFunction(function.GetArguments()[0]));
 	} else {
-		function.ReplaceImplementation(ApproxQuantileDecimalFunction(function.GetArguments()[0]));
+		ReplaceApproxQuantileDecimal(function, ApproxQuantileDecimalFunction(function.GetArguments()[0]));
 	}
 	return bind_data;
 }

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/holistic/mode.cpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/holistic/mode.cpp
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ struct ModeStandard {
 		return Equals::Operation(left, right);
 	}
 
-	static T *Update(T *mode, uint32_t &, const T &key, AggregateInputData &) {
+	static T *Update(T *mode, idx_t &, const T &key, AggregateInputData &) {
 		if (!mode) {
 			mode = new T(key);
 		}
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ struct ModeString {
 		return Equals::Operation(left, right);
 	}
 
-	static string_t *Update(string_t *mode, uint32_t &alloc_size, const string_t &key,
+	static string_t *Update(string_t *mode, idx_t &alloc_size, const string_t &key,
 	                        AggregateInputData &aggr_input_data) {
 		if (key.IsInlined()) {
 			if (!mode) {
@@ -168,14 +168,14 @@ struct ModeString {
 		}
 
 		// non-inlined string, need to allocate space for it somehow
-		const auto len = UnsafeNumericCast<uint32_t>(key.GetSize());
+		const auto len = key.GetSize();
 		char *ptr;
 		if (mode && alloc_size >= len) {
 			// this fits into the current arena allocation - reuse it
 			ptr = mode->GetDataWriteable();
 		} else {
 			// round up so repeatedly growing keys don't churn through a new arena allocation every time
-			alloc_size = UnsafeNumericCast<uint32_t>(NextPowerOfTwo(len));
+			alloc_size = NextPowerOfTwo(len);
 			ptr = char_ptr_cast(aggr_input_data.allocator.Allocate(alloc_size));
 			if (!mode) {
 				mode = new string_t(nullptr, 0);
@@ -197,7 +197,8 @@ struct ModeState {
 	SubFrames prevs;
 	Counts *frequency_map = nullptr;
 	KEY_TYPE *mode = nullptr;
-	uint32_t mode_alloc_size = 0;
+	//! Must be wide enough for NextPowerOfTwo(MAX_STRING_SIZE), which does not fit in a uint32_t
+	idx_t mode_alloc_size = 0;
 	size_t nonzero = 0;
 	bool valid = false;
 	size_t count = 0;

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/holistic/reservoir_quantile.cpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/holistic/reservoir_quantile.cpp
@@ -17,6 +17,10 @@ namespace duckdb {
 
 namespace {
 
+//! The quantile defaults to the median
+constexpr double DEFAULT_QUANTILE = 0.5;
+constexpr int32_t DEFAULT_SAMPLE_SIZE = 8192;
+
 template <typename T>
 struct ReservoirQuantileState {
 	T *v;
@@ -312,8 +316,6 @@ double CheckReservoirQuantile(const Value &quantile_val) {
 //! Binds the quantile parameter and the sample size into the bind data. They stay part of the expression tree, and
 //! the aggregate is handed them along with the input - the update callbacks only consume the leading input argument
 unique_ptr<FunctionData> BindReservoirQuantile(BindAggregateFunctionInput &input) {
-	auto &arguments = input.GetArguments();
-	D_ASSERT(arguments.size() >= 2);
 	Value quantile_val = input.GetConstant(1);
 	vector<double> quantiles;
 	if (quantile_val.type().id() != LogicalTypeId::LIST) {
@@ -324,19 +326,13 @@ unique_ptr<FunctionData> BindReservoirQuantile(BindAggregateFunctionInput &input
 		}
 	}
 
-	idx_t sample_size = 8192ULL;
-
-	if (arguments.size() == 3) {
-		auto sample_size_val = input.GetNonNullConstant(2);
-		auto sample_size_int = sample_size_val.GetValue<int32_t>();
-
-		if (sample_size_val.IsNull() || sample_size_int <= 0) {
-			throw BinderException("Size of the RESERVOIR_QUANTILE sample must be bigger than 0");
-		}
-		sample_size = NumericCast<idx_t>(sample_size_int);
+	auto sample_size_val = input.GetNonNullConstant(2);
+	auto sample_size = sample_size_val.GetValue<int32_t>();
+	if (sample_size <= 0) {
+		throw BinderException("Size of the RESERVOIR_QUANTILE sample must be bigger than 0");
 	}
 
-	return make_uniq<ReservoirQuantileBindData>(quantiles, sample_size);
+	return make_uniq<ReservoirQuantileBindData>(quantiles, NumericCast<idx_t>(sample_size));
 }
 
 static unique_ptr<FunctionData> DeserializeReservoirQuantileDecimal(Deserializer &deserializer,
@@ -421,7 +417,7 @@ AggregateFunction GetReservoirQuantileAggregate(PhysicalType type) {
 	fun.SetDeserializeCallback(ReservoirQuantileBindData::Deserialize);
 	// temporarily push an argument so we can bind the actual quantile
 	fun.GetSignature().GetParameter(0).SetName("x");
-	fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("quantile", LogicalType::DOUBLE);
+	fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("quantile", LogicalType::DOUBLE, Value::DOUBLE(DEFAULT_QUANTILE));
 	return fun;
 }
 
@@ -438,18 +434,14 @@ AggregateFunction GetReservoirQuantileListAggregate(const LogicalType &type) {
 }
 
 void DefineReservoirQuantile(AggregateFunctionSet &set, const LogicalType &type) {
-	//    Four versions: type, scalar/list[, count]
+	//    Two versions: type, scalar/list
 	auto fun = GetReservoirQuantileAggregate(type.InternalType());
+	fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("sample_size", LogicalType::INTEGER, Value::INTEGER(DEFAULT_SAMPLE_SIZE));
 	set.AddFunction(fun);
 
-	fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("sample_size", LogicalType::INTEGER);
-	set.AddFunction(fun);
-
-	// List variants
+	// List variant
 	fun = GetReservoirQuantileListAggregate(type);
-	set.AddFunction(fun);
-
-	fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("sample_size", LogicalType::INTEGER);
+	fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("sample_size", LogicalType::INTEGER, Value::INTEGER(DEFAULT_SAMPLE_SIZE));
 	set.AddFunction(fun);
 }
 
@@ -462,11 +454,12 @@ void GetReservoirQuantileDecimalFunction(AggregateFunctionSet &set, const vector
 	fun.SetDeserializeCallback(DeserializeReservoirQuantileDecimal);
 
 	fun.GetSignature().GetParameter(0).SetName("x");
-	fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("quantile", arguments[1]);
-
-	set.AddFunction(fun);
-
-	fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("sample_size", LogicalType::INTEGER);
+	if (arguments[1].id() == LogicalTypeId::LIST) {
+		fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("quantile", arguments[1]);
+	} else {
+		fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("quantile", arguments[1], Value::DOUBLE(DEFAULT_QUANTILE));
+	}
+	fun.GetSignature().AddParameter("sample_size", LogicalType::INTEGER, Value::INTEGER(DEFAULT_SAMPLE_SIZE));
 	set.AddFunction(fun);
 }
 

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/variant/variant_group_object.cpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/aggregate/variant/variant_group_object.cpp
@@ -186,6 +186,8 @@ AggregateFunction VariantGroupObjectFun::GetFunction() {
 	                      AggregateFunction::StateSize<VariantObjAggState>,
 	                      AggregateFunction::StateInitialize<VariantObjAggState, VariantObjFun>, VariantObjUpdate,
 	                      ListCombineFunction<VariantObjFun>, VariantObjFinalize, VariantObjClusterUpdate);
+	function.GetSignature().GetParameter(0).SetName("key");
+	function.GetSignature().GetParameter(1).SetName("value");
 	function.SetStructStateExport(VariantObjStateLayout);
 	return function;
 }

diff --git a/...ckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/aggregate/distributive_functions.hpp b/...ckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/aggregate/distributive_functions.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ struct ApproxCountDistinctFun {
 
 struct ArgMinFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "arg_min";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg,val";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg,val,N";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Finds the row with the minimum val. Calculates the non-NULL arg expression at that row.";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "arg_min(A, B)";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "";
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ struct ArgMinNullsLastFun {
 
 struct ArgMaxFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "arg_max";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg,val";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg,val,N";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Finds the row with the maximum val. Calculates the non-NULL arg expression at that row.";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "arg_max(A, B)";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "";
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ struct BitXorFun {
 
 struct BitstringAggFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "bitstring_agg";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg,min,max";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Returns a bitstring with bits set for each distinct value.";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "bitstring_agg(A)";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "";

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/aggregate/holistic_functions.hpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/aggregate/holistic_functions.hpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ struct ModeFun {
 
 struct QuantileDiscFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "quantile_disc";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "x,pos";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "x,quantile";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Returns the exact quantile number between 0 and 1 . If pos is a LIST of FLOATs, then the result is a LIST of the corresponding exact quantiles.";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "quantile_disc(x, 0.5)";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "";
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ struct QuantileFun {
 
 struct QuantileContFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "quantile_cont";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "x,pos";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "x,quantile";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Returns the interpolated quantile number between 0 and 1 . If pos is a LIST of FLOATs, then the result is a LIST of the corresponding interpolated quantiles.	";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "quantile_cont(x, 0.5)";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "";

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/aggregate/nested_functions.hpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/aggregate/nested_functions.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace duckdb {
 
 struct HistogramFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "histogram";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg,bins";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Returns a LIST of STRUCTs with the fields bucket and count.";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "histogram(A)";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "";

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/scalar/date_functions.hpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/scalar/date_functions.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace duckdb {
 
 struct AgeFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "age";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "timestamp,timestamp";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "timestamp1,timestamp2";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Subtract arguments, resulting in the time difference between the two timestamps";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "age(TIMESTAMP '2001-04-10', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20')";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "";
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ struct DatediffFun {
 
 struct DatePartFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "date_part";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "ts";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "part,ts";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Get subfield (equivalent to extract)";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "date_part('minute', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:40')";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "";

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/scalar/debug_functions.hpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/scalar/debug_functions.hpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ struct SleepMsFun {
 
 struct IndexKeyFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "index_key";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "path,name,[key_column_1,key_column_2,...]";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "path,name,...";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Generate index keys for a named index on a table (specified by a path struct with required 'table' and optional 'catalog'/'schema' fields) from key column arguments. Currently only supports ART indexes.";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "index_key({'schema': 'main', 'table': 'tbl3'}, 'tbl3_idx', key1, key2, key3)";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "";

diff --git a/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/scalar/generic_functions.hpp b/src/duckdb/extension/core_functions/include/core_functions/scalar/generic_functions.hpp
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ struct HashFun {
 
 struct LeastFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "least";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg1,arg2,...";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg1,...";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Returns the smallest value. For strings lexicographical ordering is used. Note that uppercase characters are considered “smaller” than lowercase characters, and collations are not supported.";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "least(42, 84)\002least('abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'EFG')";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "string,numeric,date,timestamp,aggregate";
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ struct LeastFun {
 
 struct GreatestFun {
 	static constexpr const char *Name = "greatest";
-	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg1,arg2,...";
+	static constexpr const char *Parameters = "arg1,...";
 	static constexpr const char *Description = "Returns the largest value. For strings lexicographical ordering is used. Note that lowercase characters are considered “larger” than uppercase characters and collations are not supported.";
 	static constexpr const char *Example = "greatest(42, 84)\002greatest('abc', 'bcd', 'cde', 'EFG')";
 	static constexpr const char *Categories = "string,numeric,date,timestamp,aggregate";