Comparisons.SQLiteVSDoublets (русская версия)
Comparison of SQLite and LinksPlatform's Doublets (links) on basic embedded database operations with links and object-like structures.
Based on examples from https://github.com/FahaoTang/dotnetcore-examples and https://github.com/Konard/LinksPlatform
The comparison runs the same link workload against SQLite in-memory and file
databases and four Doublets layouts: united/split and volatile/non-volatile.
It measures create, update, delete, enumerate all, and queries by identity,
concrete (source, target), outgoing source, and incoming target. The Rust
suite also measures creation, reading, and deletion of object-like blog posts
on every storage variant.
Preparation and cleanup are outside the measured region. Pull requests run a
reduced-scale validation and preserve raw output, tables, and charts as
workflow artifacts. Full runs on main publish the tables and charts below
with a link to the producing workflow run.
Run the checks locally:
cd rust
cargo test --lib --tests
cargo check --benches
BENCHMARK_LINK_COUNT=10 BACKGROUND_LINK_COUNT=30 \
BENCHMARK_OBJECT_COUNT=5 cargo bench --bench bench -- \
--output-format bencher
cd ../csharp
dotnet run -c Release -- --self-test
BENCHMARK_LINK_COUNT=10 BACKGROUND_LINK_COUNT=30 \
dotnet run -c Release -- --filter '*LinksBenchmarks*'Generated 2026-09-19 18:13 UTC for C# by GitHub Actions run 35459522587 — 1000 benchmarked links, 3000 background links.
| Operation | Doublets United Volatile | Doublets United NonVolatile | Doublets Split Volatile | Doublets Split NonVolatile | SQLite Memory | SQLite File |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Create | 2414327 (3.7x faster) | 2512520 (3.5x faster) | 867200 (10.2x faster) | 896999 (9.8x faster) | 8818051 | 2294476668 |
| Update | 4566053 (2.3x faster) | 4670899 (2.3x faster) | 1541871 (7.0x faster) | 1534119 (7.0x faster) | 10720700 | 2733072615 |
| Delete | 484008 (14.3x faster) | 465524 (14.8x faster) | 523910 (13.2x faster) | 521322 (13.3x faster) | 6907869 | 1682008343 |
| Each All | 437356 (3.7x faster) | 470885 (3.4x faster) | 420518 (3.8x faster) | 397666 (4.0x faster) | 2113072 | 1598861 |
| Each Identity | 430962 (11.6x faster) | 411173 (12.1x faster) | 403128 (12.4x faster) | 385531 (13.0x faster) | 4995738 | 12044311 |
| Each Concrete | 1363130 (5.2x faster) | 1408600 (5.1x faster) | 647769 (11.0x faster) | 917509 (7.8x faster) | 7134655 | 13622920 |
| Each Outgoing | 1160157 (5.3x faster) | 1180175 (5.3x faster) | 862790 (7.2x faster) | 830070 (7.5x faster) | 6199124 | 12923172 |
| Each Incoming | 1139559 (5.7x faster) | 1169325 (5.6x faster) | 796694 (8.2x faster) | 776158 (8.4x faster) | 6533836 | 13510164 |
Generated 2026-09-19 18:46 UTC for Rust by GitHub Actions run 35459522519 — 1000 benchmarked links, 3000 background links, 1000 objects.
| Operation | Doublets United Volatile | Doublets United NonVolatile | Doublets Split Volatile | Doublets Split NonVolatile | SQLite Memory | SQLite File |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Create | 141747 (40.7x faster) | 143659 (40.2x faster) | 69524 (83.0x faster) | 69702 (82.8x faster) | 5772002 | 993908545 |
| Update | 283809 (29.6x faster) | 277912 (30.2x faster) | 63882 (131.3x faster) | 72899 (115.1x faster) | 8390541 | 1067410860 |
| Delete | 168149 (26.8x faster) | 166496 (27.1x faster) | 77711 (58.0x faster) | 78217 (57.6x faster) | 4509130 | 977528491 |
| Each All | 31671 (15.9x faster) | 31638 (15.9x faster) | 34426 (14.6x faster) | 34487 (14.6x faster) | 504031 | 595624 |
| Each Identity | 2132 (1269.3x faster) | 2136 (1266.9x faster) | 2130 (1270.5x faster) | 2127 (1272.3x faster) | 2706180 | 10678850 |
| Each Concrete | 124784 (34.7x faster) | 120544 (36.0x faster) | 45647 (95.0x faster) | 43793 (99.0x faster) | 4335748 | 12668554 |
| Each Outgoing | 210057 (18.1x faster) | 208064 (18.2x faster) | 44112 (86.0x faster) | 45302 (83.7x faster) | 3792959 | 12033519 |
| Each Incoming | 212266 (19.3x faster) | 210393 (19.4x faster) | 50873 (80.4x faster) | 46396 (88.1x faster) | 4089215 | 12477405 |
| Objects Create List | 8759735 (10.5x slower) | 8759735 (10.5x slower) | 5388349 (6.5x slower) | 5436404 (6.5x slower) | 832974 | 2098461 |
| Objects Read List | 5889568 (18.5x slower) | 5585959 (17.6x slower) | 5393697 (17.0x slower) | 4889083 (15.4x slower) | 317868 | 343282 |
| Objects Delete List | 2709133 (75.1x slower) | 2667861 (74.0x slower) | 1083231 (30.0x slower) | 1106546 (30.7x slower) | 36069 | 992614 |
The original C# object comparison and its historical results remain below.
using System.Linq;
using Comparisons.SQLiteVSDoublets.Model;
namespace Comparisons.SQLiteVSDoublets.SQLite
{
public class SQLiteTestRun : TestRun
{
public SQLiteTestRun(string dbFilename) : base(dbFilename) { }
public override void Prepare()
{
using var dbContext = new SQLiteDbContext(DbFilename);
dbContext.Database.EnsureCreated();
}
public override void CreateList()
{
using var dbContext = new SQLiteDbContext(DbFilename);
dbContext.BlogPosts.AddRange(BlogPosts.List);
dbContext.SaveChanges();
}
public override void ReadList()
{
using var dbContext = new SQLiteDbContext(DbFilename);
foreach (var blogPost in dbContext.BlogPosts)
{
ReadBlogPosts.Add(blogPost);
}
}
public override void DeleteList()
{
using var dbContext = new SQLiteDbContext(DbFilename);
var blogPostsToDelete = dbContext.BlogPosts.ToList();
dbContext.BlogPosts.RemoveRange(blogPostsToDelete);
dbContext.SaveChanges();
}
}
}using System.IO;
using Platform.IO;
using Comparisons.SQLiteVSDoublets.Model;
namespace Comparisons.SQLiteVSDoublets.Doublets
{
public class DoubletsTestRun : TestRun
{
public string DbIndexFilename { get; }
public DoubletsTestRun(string dbFilename) : base(dbFilename) => DbIndexFilename = $"{Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(dbFilename)}.links.index";
public override void Prepare()
{
using var dbContext = new DoubletsDbContext(DbFilename, DbIndexFilename);
}
public override void CreateList()
{
using var dbContext = new DoubletsDbContext(DbFilename, DbIndexFilename);
foreach (var blogPost in BlogPosts.List)
{
dbContext.SaveBlogPost(blogPost);
}
}
public override void ReadList()
{
using var dbContext = new DoubletsDbContext(DbFilename, DbIndexFilename);
foreach (var blogPost in dbContext.BlogPosts)
{
ReadBlogPosts.Add(blogPost);
}
}
public override void DeleteList()
{
using var dbContext = new DoubletsDbContext(DbFilename, DbIndexFilename);
var blogPostsToDelete = dbContext.BlogPosts;
foreach (var blogPost in blogPostsToDelete)
{
dbContext.Delete((uint)blogPost.Id);
}
}
protected override void DeleteDatabase()
{
File.Delete(DbFilename);
File.Delete(DbIndexFilename);
}
protected override long GetDatabaseSizeInBytes() => FileHelpers.GetSize(DbFilename) + FileHelpers.GetSize(DbIndexFilename);
}
}
BenchmarkDotNet=v0.12.0, OS=Windows 10.0.18362
Intel Core i7-6700K CPU 4.00GHz (Skylake), 1 CPU, 8 logical and 4 physical cores
.NET Core SDK=3.0.100
[Host] : .NET Core 3.0.0 (CoreCLR 4.700.19.46205, CoreFX 4.700.19.46214), X64 RyuJIT
Job-AYEMIX : .NET Core 3.0.0 (CoreCLR 4.700.19.46205, CoreFX 4.700.19.46214), X64 RyuJIT
InvocationCount=1 IterationCount=1 UnrollFactor=1
WarmupCount=2
| Method | N | Mean | Error | Gen 0 | Gen 1 | Gen 2 | Allocated | SizeAfterCreation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SQLite | 1000 | 719.1 ms | NA | 5000.0000 | - | - | 30.67 MB | 925696 |
| Doublets | 1000 | 145.0 ms | NA | 34000.0000 | 1000.0000 | - | 139.37 MB | 767616 |
| SQLite | 10000 | 2,770.3 ms | NA | 64000.0000 | 19000.0000 | - | 315.71 MB | 9056256 |
| Doublets | 10000 | 1,003.8 ms | NA | 304000.0000 | 31000.0000 | - | 1220.55 MB | 6528256 |
| SQLite | 100000 | 35,853.8 ms | NA | 680000.0000 | 151000.0000 | - | 3234.09 MB | 90890240 |
| Doublets | 100000 | 13,083.4 ms | NA | 3088000.0000 | 328000.0000 | - | 12356.33 MB | 64192256 |
In this particular comparison, Doublets are faster and use less memory on disk, but this comes with the cost of additional use of RAM (Sqlite uses it less).