chore(python): drop Python 3.9, add 3.14

.azure-pipelines/publish.yml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ extends:
         steps:
         - task: UsePythonVersion@0
           inputs:
-            versionSpec: '3.9'
+            versionSpec: '3.10'
           displayName: 'Use Python'
         - task: NodeTool@0
           inputs:

.claude/skills/playwright-roll/SKILL.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ There is sometimes no `vX.Y.0` tag for the latest release (the bots cut release
 
 `CONTRIBUTING.md` covers this. Notes from past rolls:
 
-- The repo says Python 3.9 is required, but 3.9+ works. If `python3.9` isn't available, use `python3` (3.12 is fine).
+- The repo requires Python 3.10+. If `python3.10` isn't available, use `python3` (3.12 is fine).
 - If `python3-venv` is missing system-wide, use `uv venv env` instead, then `uv pip install --python env/bin/python --upgrade pip`. Don't try to `apt install` — sudo is denied in the harness.
 - Always activate the venv before any `pip`, `pytest`, `mypy`, or `pre-commit` invocation.
 

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10']
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.14']
         browser: [chromium, firefox, webkit]
         exclude:
         # WebKit on standard macOS-latest (currently macos-15-arm64) is unstable;
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ jobs:
           browser: webkit
         include:
         - os: macos-15-xlarge
-          python-version: '3.9'
+          python-version: '3.10'
           browser: webkit
         - os: macos-15-xlarge
-          python-version: '3.10'
+          python-version: '3.14'
           browser: webkit
         - os: windows-latest
           python-version: '3.11'

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
 
 ### Configuring python environment
 
-The project development requires Python version 3.9+. To set it as default in the environment run the following commands:
+The project development requires Python version 3.10+. To set it as default in the environment run the following commands:
 
 ```sh
-# You may need to install python 3.9 venv if it's missing, on Ubuntu just run `sudo apt-get install python3.9-venv`
-python3.9 -m venv env
+# You may need to install python 3.10 venv if it's missing, on Ubuntu just run `sudo apt-get install python3.10-venv`
+python3.10 -m venv env
 source ./env/bin/activate
 ```
 

ROLLING.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Rolling Playwright-Python to the latest Playwright driver
 
 * checkout repo: `git clone https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python`
-* make sure local python is 3.9
+* make sure local python is 3.10 or newer
     * create virtual environment, if don't have one: `python -m venv env`
 * activate venv: `source env/bin/activate`
 * install all deps:

playwright/_impl/_browser_type.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import json
 import pathlib
-import sys
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Pattern, Sequence, Union, cast
 
@@ -187,10 +186,6 @@ def _user_data_dir(self, userDataDir: Optional[Union[str, Path]]) -> str:
         if not userDataDir:
             return ""
         if not Path(userDataDir).is_absolute():
-            # Can be dropped once we drop Python 3.9 support (10/2025):
-            # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/82852
-            if sys.platform == "win32" and sys.version_info[:2] < (3, 10):
-                return str(pathlib.Path.cwd() / userDataDir)
             return str(Path(userDataDir).resolve())
         return str(Path(userDataDir))
 

pyproject.toml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ authors = [
 readme = "README.md"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 dynamic = ["version"]
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 # Please when changing dependencies run the following commands to update requirements.txt:
 # - pip install uv==0.5.4
 # - uv pip compile pyproject.toml -o requirements.txt
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ classifiers = [
     "Topic :: Internet :: WWW/HTTP :: Browsers",
     "Intended Audience :: Developers",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
 ]
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ asyncio_default_test_loop_scope = "session"
 
 [tool.mypy]
 ignore_missing_imports = true
-python_version = "3.9"
+python_version = "3.10"
 warn_unused_ignores = false
 warn_redundant_casts = true
 warn_unused_configs = true
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ profile = "black"
 [tool.pyright]
 include = ["playwright", "tests", "scripts"]
 exclude = ["**/node_modules", "**/__pycache__", "**/.*", "./build"]
-pythonVersion = "3.9"
+pythonVersion = "3.10"
 reportMissingImports = false
 reportTypedDictNotRequiredAccess = false
 reportCallInDefaultInitializer = true

tests/test_reference_count_async.py

@@ -24,6 +24,9 @@
 from playwright.async_api import async_playwright
 from tests.server import Server
 
+_NETWORK_RESPONSE_RECEIVED_MARKER = "__pw__is_last_network_response_received_event"
+_NETWORK_RESPONSE_RECEIVED_MARKER_VALUE = object()
+
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_memory_objects(server: Server, browser_name: str) -> None:
@@ -39,7 +42,9 @@ async def test_memory_objects(server: Server, browser_name: str) -> None:
         await page.route("**/*", lambda route, _: route.fulfill(body="OK"))
 
         def handle_network_response_received(event: Any) -> None:
-            event["__pw__is_last_network_response_received_event"] = True
+            event[_NETWORK_RESPONSE_RECEIVED_MARKER] = (
+                _NETWORK_RESPONSE_RECEIVED_MARKER_VALUE
+            )
 
         if browser_name == "chromium":
             # https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python/issues/1602
@@ -64,7 +69,13 @@ def handle_network_response_received(event: Any) -> None:
         assert isinstance(o, dict)
         name = o.get("_type")
         # https://github.com/microsoft/playwright-python/issues/1602
-        if o.get("__pw__is_last_network_response_received_event", False):
+        # Python 3.14 can expose CPython's interned-strings dict here, where
+        # a string can appear as both key and value. Check the sentinel by
+        # identity to avoid confusing that internal dict with a leaked event.
+        if (
+            o.get(_NETWORK_RESPONSE_RECEIVED_MARKER)
+            is _NETWORK_RESPONSE_RECEIVED_MARKER_VALUE
+        ):
             assert False
         if not name:
             continue