Fix GH-24990: pdo_sqlite statement unusable after a failed execute()

ext/pdo_sqlite/sqlite_statement.c

@@ -62,11 +62,10 @@ static int pdo_sqlite_stmt_execute(pdo_stmt_t *stmt)
 			return 1;
 
 		case SQLITE_ERROR:
-			sqlite3_reset(S->stmt);
-			ZEND_FALLTHROUGH;
 		case SQLITE_MISUSE:
 		case SQLITE_BUSY:
 		default:
+			sqlite3_reset(S->stmt);
 			pdo_sqlite_error_stmt(stmt);
 			return 0;
 	}

ext/pdo_sqlite/tests/gh24990.phpt

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+--TEST--
+GH-24990 (Statement unusable after a failed execute())
+--EXTENSIONS--
+pdo_sqlite
+--FILE--
+<?php
+$db = new PDO('sqlite::memory:', options: [PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION]);
+$db->exec('CREATE TABLE test (k TEXT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL)');
+$db->exec("INSERT INTO test VALUES ('a')");
+
+$stmt = $db->prepare('INSERT INTO test (k) VALUES (?)');
+foreach (['a', 'b', 'b', 'c'] as $k) {
+    try {
+        var_dump($stmt->execute([$k]));
+    } catch (PDOException $e) {
+        echo $e->getMessage(), "\n";
+    }
+}
+var_dump($db->query('SELECT k FROM test ORDER BY k')->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN));
+?>
+--EXPECT--
+SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 19 UNIQUE constraint failed: test.k
+bool(true)
+SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 19 UNIQUE constraint failed: test.k
+bool(true)
+array(3) {
+  [0]=>
+  string(1) "a"
+  [1]=>
+  string(1) "b"
+  [2]=>
+  string(1) "c"
+}