[Performance] Resolve short names once per file version in ShortNameResolver::resolveFromFile()

[TomasVotruba]

Follow-up to #8524.

#8524 cached resolveShortClassLikeNames() per file and per stmts version. Its sibling resolveFromFile() in the same class still cached by file path only, with no version check - so once a file was resolved, later passes kept getting the first-pass result even after the stmts changed. It is called per imported name by FullyQualifiedNameClassNameImportSkipVoter, in the same post-processing phase as the method #8524 fixed, so it had the same latent staleness.

This aligns resolveFromFile() with the pattern from #8524:

• version-aware single-slot cache keyed on the File instance and getNewStmtsVersion(), recomputing when either changes
• drops the unbounded path-keyed array, so memory no longer grows with the number of processed files
• same short rationale comment on both cache methods

Added tests mirror the ones from #8524: cache recompute after a stmts change, and correct per-file resolution.