Add tests across the app

[travismolick]

Adds Pest feature and unit tests across the app:

• Auth: login, OAuth callback, quick codes and rate limiting, logout (including ConCat logout from kiosks), banned users, lockdown
• Volunteer time: check-in/out, kiosk rules, manual time entries, deleting entries
• CRUD and permissions: users, events (including cloning departments), departments, time bonuses, rewards, reward claims, settings, kiosks
• Attendee logs: visibility, gatekeepers, adding and removing users, registration level matching
• Management panel and reports: every report's data, the audit log, ConCat application reports, exports
• Time math: durations, bonus stacking, day boundary, earned hours, reward eligibility
• Console commands, notifications (database and Telegram), every Telegram bot command, the webhook
• ConCat API client (pagination, chunking) and the Socialite provider
• Data shared with every Inertia page, and auth event logging

Test setup changes:

• Tests\TestCase resets the static Setting and Kiosk caches before each test, because they otherwise carry over between tests and between requests in the same test.
• Shared helpers are in tests/Pest.php: activateEvent(), userWithRole(), fakeTelegram(), timeEntryFor(), inertiaHeaders().

Depends on #77. Until it merges, 3 tests fail (2 in DepartmentTest, 1 in TimeBonusTest).

ExampleTest (/ returns 302) still fails. #67 removes it.

These tests also found two other bugs, fixed in #79: a crash in TimeEntry::calculateBonusTime() when bonuses aren't preloaded, and time entry form submits returning a 500.